A review of liver cirrhosis

Abstract

The last stage of chronic liver disease is liver cirrhosis. The condition is currently the 12th most common cause of mortality in the US. Cirrhosis is becoming more common in Germany, where it is presently one of the top 20 killers. The major causes of liver cirrhosis include autoimmune inflammation, hereditary illness, and chronic liver disease. The pathological course of liver cirrhosis is the same regardless of the initiating factors. Hepatocytes are damaged during the early inflammatory reaction, which causes necrosis and fibrosis. The loss of functioning hepatocytes reduces the liver's functionality. Although cirrhosis is a pathological diagnosis, it is often identified clinically through a patient's medical history, physical examination (looking for cutaneous symptoms of liver disease, for example), ancillary testing (ultrasonography, transient electrography), and laboratory examinations. These are not laboratory cutoff levels for the cirrhosis diagnosis. The main side effects of cirrhosis include portal hypertension, varices, encephalopathy, ascites, and hepatorenal syndrome. Therapies to minimize the risk of variceal bleeding, preserve electrolyte balance, and avoid infections are intended to treat these consequences.