Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences

A comprehensive review of the mechanism of action in peptic ulcer pathogenesis

Shubham Anand — 2024-10-01

Up to 10% of people worldwide suffer from peptic ulcer disease, making it a common yet serious chronic condition. Peptic ulcers develop when stomach juice pH is high and mucosal defenses are weakened. The infection with Helicobacter pylori (H.) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) have been linked to decreased mucosal resilience to damage. Internal gastrointestinal (GI) disruption due to the production of gastric acid or pepsin is what defines peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The stomach and the first part of the duodenum are common sites for the phenomenon. The jejunum, distal duodenum, and lower esophagus might be affected. Patients with gastric ulcers often have epigastric discomfort 15-30 minutes after eating, whereas those with duodenal ulcers suffer pain 2-3 hours after eating. Side effects, relapses, and medication interactions have been reported with peptic ulcer therapies such as proton pump inhibition chemicals and histamine (H2) receptor inhibitor molecules. However, the chemical compounds found in medicinal plants may be used to cure and prevent various illnesses. Therefore, this analysis will look at some of the most often-used medicinal plants for peptic ulcers and how they may be used in these capacities.

A review on the case report of significant effects of antibiotics-induced lingua villosa nigra

Dr Salma Shaik — 2024-10-03

Antibiotics are commonly used to treat various bacterial and fungal infections. While effective, prolonged antibiotic use can lead to side effects, such as gastrointestinal ulcerations affecting the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Rarely, unusual reactions like "black hairy tongue" can occur. This condition results from the overgrowth of papillae on the tongue's surface, giving it a dark, furry appearance.Here, we present a case involving a female patient with Type II diabetes mellitus and a perirenal abscess who developed black hairy tongue as a rare side effect of extended antibiotic use. Her diabetes and infection complicated both the management of her primary condition and her antibiotic treatment. This case study explores the onset of this adverse reaction, its impact on the patient, and the duration of her recovery. Additionally, we will discuss the preventive measures taken to treat the condition and outline strategies to prevent similar complications in future antibiotic therapies.

evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of euphorbia neriifolin linn. in the experimentally induced diabetic animal model

Battala Vineela Sai — 2024-10-05

Ethanolic extract of 400 mg/kg b.wt, Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. was administered orally to Wistar albino rats of both sexes. Glibenclamide 2.5 mg/kg was used as a standard drug to compare extract potency. Body weight, Oral Glucose Tolerance Taste (OGTT), serum lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG), hepatic glycogen, serum insulin, and glycated hemoglobin were evaluated. In OGTT, the decline in fasting blood glucose content occurred 60 minutes after administration of the extract. Euphorbia neriifolia ethanolic extract (ENEE) produced a significant dose-dependent decrease in FBG. After the end of the treatment, the 15th-day dose of ENEE is 400 mg/kg. After two weeks, the animals were given established repeated oral administration of the ENEE at FBG levels, and after 21 days, ENEE produced a dose-dependent decrease in body weight, FBG, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL; there was a significant increase in HDL content and liver glycogen as a standard drug glibenclamide 2.5 mg/kg was used to compare the potency of the extract. In OGTT reduction, FBG levels were observed after sixty minutes of extract administration. After treatment, The data concluded that ENEE showed dose-dependent anti-diabetic potential and a potent antihyperlipidemic effect.