Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences

A review on the case report of significant effects of antibiotics-induced lingua villosa nigra

Dr Salma Shaik — 2024-10-03

Antibiotics are commonly used to treat various bacterial and fungal infections. While effective, prolonged antibiotic use can lead to side effects, such as gastrointestinal ulcerations affecting the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Rarely, unusual reactions like "black hairy tongue" can occur. This condition results from the overgrowth of papillae on the tongue's surface, giving it a dark, furry appearance.Here, we present a case involving a female patient with Type II diabetes mellitus and a perirenal abscess who developed black hairy tongue as a rare side effect of extended antibiotic use. Her diabetes and infection complicated both the management of her primary condition and her antibiotic treatment. This case study explores the onset of this adverse reaction, its impact on the patient, and the duration of her recovery. Additionally, we will discuss the preventive measures taken to treat the condition and outline strategies to prevent similar complications in future antibiotic therapies.

Formulation and characterization of controlled-release floating tablets of pregabalin

Yepuru Divya — 2024-10-07

Pharmaceutical research has increasingly focused on developing oral drug delivery systems with controlled-release capabilities to address challenges such as short gastric residence time and variable gastric emptying. This study designed and evaluated floating pregabalin tablets with controlled-release properties by experimenting with various blends of HPMC K4M and HPMC K100LV. The tablets are engineered to remain buoyant in the stomach, thereby enhancing gastric retention time and improving oral bioavailability. Using Design Expert Software, nine formulations (X1-X9) were developed and optimized. Among these, the X7 formulation demonstrated promising results: it exhibited a low initial swelling index but formed a substantial gel layer by the eighth hour, maintaining matrix integrity for approximately 6-7 hours. The optimized X7 formulation achieved a controlled drug release rate of 95.06% and maintained buoyancy for up to 12 hours, showcasing its potential for effective and sustained drug delivery. This research contributes to the advancement of oral controlled-release systems, offering a viable approach to improving pregabalin's therapeutic efficacy through enhanced gastric retention and consistent release rates.

Evaluation of anti-hypertensive activity of trachyspermum ammi seeds extract on albino rats

Ch Ramya — 2024-10-26

The study evaluates the antihypertensive activity of Trachyspermum ammi seed extract in albino rats. A preliminary phytochemical analysis identified the presence of steroids, alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, and saponins in the extract. No mortality or behavioral abnormalities were observed during the experiment, confirming the extract's safety at administered doses.Nifedipine, a standard antihypertensive drug, significantly reduced blood pressure parameters, serving as a positive control. Hypertension was induced in DDS model rats using an 8% NaCl method. The ethanolic extract of T. ammi (EET) at a high dose significantly reduced systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressure, indicating a dose-dependent antihypertensive effect.Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and saponins, known for their antihypertensive properties, are likely responsible for this activity. These compounds may act through mechanisms like vasodilation, diuretic effects, or modulation of vascular resistance.The findings highlight the potential of T. ammi as a natural antihypertensive agent. Further research focusing on isolating and characterizing its active constituents is needed to elucidate their mechanisms and therapeutic applications. Such studies could contribute to the development of plant-based treatments for hypertension, providing an alternative or complementary option to conventional drug therapies.

evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of euphorbia neriifolin linn. in the experimentally induced diabetic animal model

Battala Vineela Sai — 2024-10-05

Ethanolic extract of 400 mg/kg b.wt, Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. was administered orally to Wistar albino rats of both sexes. Glibenclamide 2.5 mg/kg was used as a standard drug to compare extract potency. Body weight, Oral Glucose Tolerance Taste (OGTT), serum lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG), hepatic glycogen, serum insulin, and glycated hemoglobin were evaluated. In OGTT, the decline in fasting blood glucose content occurred 60 minutes after administration of the extract. Euphorbia neriifolia ethanolic extract (ENEE) produced a significant dose-dependent decrease in FBG. After the end of the treatment, the 15th-day dose of ENEE is 400 mg/kg. After two weeks, the animals were given established repeated oral administration of the ENEE at FBG levels, and after 21 days, ENEE produced a dose-dependent decrease in body weight, FBG, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL; there was a significant increase in HDL content and liver glycogen as a standard drug glibenclamide 2.5 mg/kg was used to compare the potency of the extract. In OGTT reduction, FBG levels were observed after sixty minutes of extract administration. After treatment, The data concluded that ENEE showed dose-dependent anti-diabetic potential and a potent antihyperlipidemic effect.

Challenges in the management of renal dialysis in diabetic patients: a prospective study

Narayana Muthu rani — 2024-10-10

This study examines the challenges associated with managing diabetic patients undergoing renal dialysis in the nephrology department. The primary objective is to address the difficulties encountered during dialysis by improving its management, preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease to end-stage renal failure, and systematically reviewing the indications for and complications of dialysis. Managing dialysis in diabetic patients is particularly complex due to the added burden of diabetes-related issues. These patients often experience higher rates of infections, increased cardiovascular morbidity, and elevated mortality risks. Other challenges include fluid overload, complications arising from the dialysis procedure itself, psychological distress, and a diminished quality of life. These interconnected issues necessitate a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to improve patient outcomes. To enhance the quality of life for patients with diabetic nephropathy, it is crucial to involve a team of specialists. The multidisciplinary team should include a diabetologist, nephrologist, dietitian, microbiologist, vascular surgeon, and interventional radiologist. Each specialist contributes unique expertise to address the various complications and facets of care, ranging from infection control to vascular access and dietary management. Ultimately, overcoming the challenges of managing diabetic patients on dialysis requires collaboration, innovation, and a commitment to improving their overall health and well-being through tailored care strategies.

Formulate and evaluate triamcinolone loaded microsponges for colon drug delivery

Konda Sri Chaya Reddy — 2024-10-27

The study aims to formulate and evaluate in-vitro and pharmacokinetic analyses of microsponges loaded with triamcinolone for colon drug delivery. This study intended to deliver drugs specifically to the colon by creating microsponges filled with triamcinolone. Eudragit RS 100 was used as a polymer to make the microsponge formulations in a quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique. It was observed that a time-dependent polymer blocked up to four hours of measurable drug release. At pH 6.8, the pH of the colon, Eudragit RS 100, a sustained release polymer, was found to be present, leading to maximum release. The drug: polymer ratio significantly influences the drug release rate. It has been demonstrated that the highest drug release occurs with a more fantastic drug: polymer ratio. Other microsponges are stable under storage conditions. The produced microsponges have been shown to have a more extended retention period in the colon and good mucoadhesion qualities, indicating that they would be the best dosage form for colon targeting. Microsponges provide the colon with an adequate dosage and, more precisely, controlled release because of their porosity.

A comprehensive review of the mechanism of action in peptic ulcer pathogenesis

Shubham Anand — 2024-10-01

Up to 10% of people worldwide suffer from peptic ulcer disease, making it a common yet serious chronic condition. Peptic ulcers develop when stomach juice pH is high and mucosal defenses are weakened. The infection with Helicobacter pylori (H.) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) have been linked to decreased mucosal resilience to damage. Internal gastrointestinal (GI) disruption due to the production of gastric acid or pepsin is what defines peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The stomach and the first part of the duodenum are common sites for the phenomenon. The jejunum, distal duodenum, and lower esophagus might be affected. Patients with gastric ulcers often have epigastric discomfort 15-30 minutes after eating, whereas those with duodenal ulcers suffer pain 2-3 hours after eating. Side effects, relapses, and medication interactions have been reported with peptic ulcer therapies such as proton pump inhibition chemicals and histamine (H2) receptor inhibitor molecules. However, the chemical compounds found in medicinal plants may be used to cure and prevent various illnesses. Therefore, this analysis will look at some of the most often-used medicinal plants for peptic ulcers and how they may be used in these capacities.

Formulation and evaluation of a novel controlled release meloxicam-loaded organized

Chintha Anusha — 2024-10-06

Based on pluronic lecithin, P.L.O. gels were established in the present research as a topical carrier for the regulated delivery of Meloxicam. Every P.L.O. gel composition was discovered to have pH values between 5.57 and 5.62, which falls within the pH range that skin. The spreadability of organogels from F1 to F4 (25.09-23.41 g.cm/s) decreased due to lecithin. The F5 through F8 saw an increase in the percentage of pluronic (22.45-21.44 g.cm/s). The range of the viscosity of gel formulations was determined to be between 1825 and 3732 cps (F1-F4) and 2136-3663 cps (F5–F8). Eight different organized formulations' gel transition temperatures were measured among such ranges of 32.3^oC and 33.2^oC (F1-F4) and 27.4 - 33.6^oC (F5 – F8). The formulations of F2 and F3 have been chosen for kinetic tests and stability studies because they had the most significant percentage of drug content and the highest drug release during eight hours, and all physical parameters were found to be within acceptable limits. It was discovered that the order of release of drug through different formulations was F1 – F8. A drug is released from the improved formulation F2 regulated according to zero order rate kinetics. The optimized Meloxicam organogel in-vivo anti-inflammatory effectiveness against a commonly used commercial product (ZCLO-CM gel) was satisfactory but also significant.

Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extract from Genus Phellodendron (Cork Tree) Barks

B Archana — 2024-10-22

The present study examined the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of a methanolic bark extract from a cork tree (Genus Phellodendron). Alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids, reducing sugars, oils and fats, gums, volatile oil, flavonoids, proteins, amino acids, cysteine, anthraquinone glycoside, tannins, and phenolic chemicals were all found during the phytochemical screening. Due to the presence of oils, non-reducing polysaccharides and saponin glycoside were not present, and the solubility test verified insolubility in 90% ethanol and water. Studies on phytochemicals and antimicrobials were conducted using 95% methanolic extracts. The four test organisms employed in antibiotic investigations were staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus species, and Pseudomonas auriginosa. Two techniques were used to experiment: the disc-diffusion method and the cup-plate approach.Given that the methanolic extract's Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were roughly 256 µg/ml, it is clear that cork trees have antimicrobial properties. Their mode of action may involve blocking the synthesis of proteins at the transcriptional or translational level or peptidoglycan synthesis at the membrane level. The presence of marmine (immature bark) and fagarine (mature bark), which also have antiulcer and abortifacient properties, may be the cause of the bark extract's antibacterial qualities. The findings offer encouraging baseline data for the possible application of this plant and some of its components in managing microbial illnesses.

Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of whole plant extracts of pholidota articulate lindl

B Archana — 2024-10-29

Pholidota articulata is a clump-forming epiphyte or lithophyte with crowded pseudobulbs called the necklace orchid or common rattlesnake orchid. This study used extracts from the entire Pholidota articulata plant to identify phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity. This orchid's different solvent extracts, including methanol, ethanol, hexane, and chloroform, were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against three fungi (Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., and Aspergillus niger) and five clinical pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia) using the disc diffusion method. A preliminary phytochemical examination was carried out to find alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, steroids, and glycosides, among other substances. Every extract exhibited varying inhibitory potential against the microorganisms tested for this investigation. The maximum inhibition zone (14–15 mm) was discovered at a concentration of 10.0 mg-1 of chloroform extract, demonstrating antibacterial activity against all bacteria with a zone of inhibition spanning 5–15 mm. Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp., and Penicillium sp. were all significantly inhibited by chloroform extract, with the largest zone of inhibition (16–17 mm). We successfully identified antimicrobial activity that might be used to isolate and characterize the impact of new phytochemicals on several infectious disorders, mainly because of the rise of antimicrobial agents and drug-resistant microbes.