Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences

A pharmacoeconomic comparison of atorvastatin vs rosuvastatin in treatment of acute coronary syndrome in tertiary care hospital

Sat, 04 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Background: Pharmacoeconomics is a scientific discipline that evaluates the value of one pharmaceutical drug or therapy compared to another. It analyses the costs and effects of pharmaceutical products. The treatment and prevention of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) incur high costs, and the growing demand for clinical interventions further strains healthcare resources. Identifying cost-effective therapeutic options is vital for optimising resource utilisation.Objective: This study aimed to identify the most cost-effective drug combination for ACS treatment and reduce patients’ financial burden.Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted over two months at Madhu Hospital, Adoni, involving 80 patients aged 18–80 years diagnosed with ACS. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups: Group A received atorvastatin (40 mg) and Group B received rosuvastatin (20 mg), both administered orally once daily. Lipid profiles were monitored monthly.Results: A statistically significant reduction in abnormal lipid profiles was observed in both groups. However, atorvastatin demonstrated greater cost-effectiveness compared to rosuvastatin. Monthly follow-ups confirmed these findings.Conclusion: This pharmacoeconomic analysis concluded that atorvastatin is a more cost-effective option than rosuvastatin for treating ACS.

Evaluating the prevalence, identifying triggers, and classifying the triggers within the patients suffering from migraine

Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Migraine is a neurological condition often presenting as severe, pulsating headaches on one side of the brain. These episodes can last hours or days, significantly interfering with daily activities. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, identify triggers, and classify them among migraine patients. A prospective study was conducted in the Neurology Outpatient Department of KIMS Hospital, Nellore, over six months (November 2024 to May 2025). Data were collected via a specially designed questionnaire to obtain baseline information.Results: The study included 103 patients, with 82 (79.6%) females and 21 (20.4%) males. Among them, 61 (59.2%) reported migraines lasting years, 26 (25.2%) for months, and 16 (15.6%) for days. Duration of headache episodes varied, with 64 (62.1%) experiencing headaches for hours, 23 (22.3%) for minutes, and 16 (15.6%) for days. The prevalence rate was 51.5%. Patients identified various triggers, which were classified accordingly.Conclusion: The prevalence of migraines was 51.5%, highlighting a significant burden of this condition. Despite its impact, limited awareness persists. Recognizable triggers identified by patients can guide tailored treatment adjustments. This study equips primary care physicians with valuable insights to educate patients and develop effective management strategies, ultimately improving the quality of life for individuals suffering from migraines.

Comparative analysis of in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of different supernatant liquids ( millets soaked water) of different millets

Sun, 12 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0530

This study assessed four distinct millet grains' possible antidiabetic and antioxidant qualities in vitro. The highest levels of flavonoids (115.8 mg CE/100 g) and total phenolics (136.4 mg FAE/100 g) were found in finger Italian millet. The maximum concentrations of ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 362.40 µg/mL and 381.65 µg/mL, respectively) and DPPH (IC50 = 359.6 µg/mL and 436.25 µg/mL, respectively) were found in barnyard and finger Italian millet. The percentage inhibition of ?-glucosidase (18.07 µg/mL) and ?-amylase (10.56 µg/mL) was also significantly lower in finger Italian millet compared to acarbose (IC50 = 59.34 µg/mL and 27.73 µg/mL, respectively), and the formation of AGEs (33.68 µg/mL) compared to aminoguanidine (AG) (52.30 µg/mL). Flavonoids comprised all eight phenolic chemicals found in finger Italian millet, with flavanols being the most common subclass. Finger Italian millet has the potential to be developed as a functional food since its flavonoids, when combined, have significant roles in the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes.

Investigation of in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of oxalis latifolia kunth whole plant

Sun, 05 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0530

The primary purpose of the current study was to assess the invitro anti-inflammatory effects of methanolic extract of Oxalis latifolia Kunth (MEOL) using bovine serum and egg albumin protein denaturation method. In this method, anti-inflammatory was evaluated for the methanolic extract of Oxalis latifolia kunth (MEOL) whole plant and standard (Diclofenac sodium) at varying concentrations (100 - 500?g/ml). The bovine serum & egg albumin protein denaturation technique assessed MEOL for its anti-inflammatory activity. In both methods, it was found that an increase in the concentration of MEOL showed growth in the percentage of inhibition. The MEOL activity was compared to standards such as Diclofenac sodium. In this, it was evident that an increase in the concentration MEOL increased's anti-inflammatory activity of MEOL through inhibition of bovine serum & egg albumin protein denaturation. From the results, it was concluded that MEOL whole plant proved to have anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting bovine serum & egg albumin protein denaturation.

Synthesis, characterisation, in silico & in vitro anti-cholinesterase activity of some novel 2 amino 5-substituted oxadiazoles

M. Suchitra, A. Kiranmai, P. Deepika, K. Joshna — Wed, 08 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0530

An individual with Alzheimer's disease (AD) experiences cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral abnormalities. The complex condition known as AD is brought on by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which breaks down acetylcholine. The current investigation aimed to evaluate synthetic AChE inhibitors that may be utilized to treat AD. To do this, synthetic two amino five substituted oxadiazole derivative compounds (1a-5e) were assessed and shown to be potential AChE inhibitors, with IC50 values ranging from 73 ± 0.67 to 98 ± 0.7 µmol/min/mg of tissue. In silico docking investigations were performed using Schrodinger, revealing that most of the compounds are held together by ?–? and hydrogen bonding and interact with the anionic subsite of AChE. Chem Bio Draw Ultra 12.0 (www.cambridgesoft.com) was used to create the 2D structures of each drug. 2. The RSC PDB (www.rscb.org) provided the crystallographic three-dimensional structure of AChE target receptors, with PDB ID: 4EY5 &604 w for AChE. The most potent compound is 5e; consequently, these compounds can potentially be used as therapeutic agents to treat AD and its related conditions because of their AChE inhibitory capacity cytotoxicity safe profile.

Pattern, risk factors and clinical presentation of anemia at a tertiary care hospital – a prospective observational study

Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Anemia is a worldwide health concern, and it is defined by reduced haemoglobin levels below 18 g/dL in males and 12g/dL in females prompt identification of anemia can decrease mortality and morbidity rates by recognizing morphological patterns, clinical manifestations, and risk factors. A six-month prospective observational study was conducted on 150 patients in the inpatient wards of general surgery and general medicine departments. The study focused on demographic information, clinical symptoms, and laboratory test for identification of pattern, risk factors, and treatment approaches. Findings revealed that 76% of cases were female patients, and 73% of patients having microcytic hypochromic anemia as a predominant pattern. Nutritional deficiency was determined to be a risk factor in 46% of anemic patients. The most frequent clinical symptoms were shortness of breath (60.8%) and combination of fatigue, dizziness and shortness of breath (34.2%). The research underscored the significance of assessing anemia for timely diagnosis and treatment, emphasizing that morphological patterns provide crucial insights into underlying pathophysiology. Early intervention can reduce the morbidity and mortality rates and improve patient’s quality of life.

Cost-effectiveness of different treatment modalities of lumbar spondylolisthesis

P Sasikala, Bullard Sharon, Pakam Krishna Keerthi — Sun, 16 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Lumbar spondylolisthesis displaces one lumbar vertebra over another and often causes nerve root pressure and various symptoms, including low back pain, numbness, tingling, discomfort, stiffness, and muscular tightness. The lumbar region of the spine comprises five vertebrae(L1-L5) and S1, intervertebral discs, facet joints, pars interarticularis, foramina, spinal canal, discs, transverse process, and muscles. So, understanding the spine's structure is crucial for figuring out what is causing the issue. Lumbar spondylolisthesis can result from a variety of circumstances. Its complex etiology includes inflammatory joint illnesses, repeated stress, hereditary susceptibility, fractures, wear and tear, and abnormalities in the pars interarticularis. Lumbar Spondylolisthesis is the most prominent condition in the Department of Neurosurgery and Orthopedics. Conducted a prospective observational study of patients(n=200) diagnosed with Lumbar spondylolisthesis. The data was gathered and examined using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score. Various diagnostic tests were performed to confirm SPL. Surgical treatment, Conservative Management, and physiotherapy were used in the treatment. Finally, the cost of surgical and conservative therapy was estimated to determine Lumbar Spondylolisthesis's cost-effectiveness. Of 200 patients, 118 were treated with Conservative Management, and 82 had Surgical Management. Conservative management is considered less cost-effective, at 16.58% of the total expenditure, whereas surgical management constitutes 83.42% of the total spending and is deemed more cost-effective. Therefore, a study needs to create awareness and provide knowledge about the costs and cost-effectiveness of various lumbar spondylolisthesis treatment choices.

Formulation and evaluation of immediate and controlled release rizatriptan benzoate pellets

K.V. Swathi Krishna, K. Sneha — Mon, 06 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0530

The goal of the current study is to formulate and evaluate Rizatriptan benzoate pellets using sodium alginate, Methylcellulose, and carbopol in varying ratios as release-retarding polymers using the solution/suspension layer technique. This will prolong the drug's release, reduce the peak and valley effect in the plasma, and offer patients convenience. For a maximum of six months, the formulation undergoing stability studies has been examined for drug content and in vitro dissolution. The estimated shelf life of the reagent was ascertained by comparing the computed and actual assays. None of the tested parameters of the formulations showed any apparent changes, indicating that the formulations were stable. Stability tests were carried out for six months at 250C/60% and 400C/75% RH for the optimal formulation of F12 every two months. By comparing the calculated and observed assays, the assay's expected shelf life was 14 months. According to the results, formulation F12 was stable because there were no appreciable changes in the drug content analysis or in-vitro dissolution research.

Formulation and evaluation of tinospora cordifolia topical gel for antimicrobial activity

Fri, 10 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0530

This study investigates the formulation and evaluation of agel extract of Tinospora cordifolia, aimed at addressing diabetes mellitus and antimicrobial resistance. Tinospora cordifolia is a widely recognized medicinal plant traditionally used for its antidiabetic and antimicrobial properties. The dried powder was extracted with ethanol using a mechanical shaker for 3 hours. A topical formulation like gel containing ethanolic extract was formulated using gelling agents in different concentration ratios. These gels were evaluated for physico-chemical parameters, viscosity, spreadability, pH, and antimicrobial activity. Agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods were employed against common pathogens, including E.coli,candidaalbicans, and staphylococcus aureus, to evaluate antimicrobial efficacy. A topical gel formulation was successfully formulated containing ethanolic content of Tinospora cordifolia. The gel showed an effect on microbial activity, particularly against E.coli. The formulated Tinospora cardifolia gel extract is promising as a dual-action topical application for treating infections and managing blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. These findings support further investigation into the clinical applications of this formulation, highlighting its potential in interrogative medicines. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the formulation for therapeutic use.

Production of bioactive nutraceuticals from autoclave and surface sterilized fish skin waste using microbial fermentation

N. Aaliya Thasleem, J Sangeethalakshmi — Thu, 13 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0530

The fish processing industry generates substantial by-products, including viscera, heads, scales, and bones, which pose environmental challenges if not managed properly. This study explores the potential of fish skin waste from Carangoides malabaricus (Malabar Kingfish/Trevally/Parai) for bioactive compound production through microbial fermentation using Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fish skin was pretreated via autoclaving and surface sterilization before controlled fermentation. The resulting extracts were analyzed for phytochemical constituents and evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties.The extracts contained bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Among surface-sterilized samples, Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation produced the highest protein content, while Aspergillus oryzae extracts from autoclaved samples showed the strongest antioxidant activity. The Aspergillus oryzae fermented autoclaved sample also exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory effects. Bacillus subtilis extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity against E. coli, B. cereus, Staphylococcus, and Klebsiella species, along with moderate antifungal activity. Additionally, both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis extracts displayed strong anticancer activity.This study highlights fish skin waste as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds, contributing to waste valorization, environmental sustainability, and potential pharmaceutical applications.

A review of nanoparticle synthesis categorization and applications

Vijaya Kumar Voleti, Ramya Bharathy V, Saikiran M, P. Shanmugapandiyan — Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0530

The development and application of materials whose constituents reside at the nanoscale—typically up to 100 nm in size—is referred to as nanotechnology. At the molecular and sub-molecular level, nanotechnology investigates structural behavior in addition to electrical, optical, and magnetic activity. It has the potential to completely transform several biotechnology and medical instruments and processes, making them more affordable, portable, safe, and simple to use. Nanoparticles are employed in many different fields, including medicine, industry, and the creation of oxide fuel and solar energy batteries for energy storage, as well as widespread integration into a variety of commonplace materials like clothing or cosmetics, optical equipment, catalysis, antibacterial, electrical, sensor technologies, biological labeling, and the treatment of certain cancers. Nanoparticles have garnered a lot of interest lately because of their remarkable qualities, which include antimicrobial activity, strong oxidation resistance, and high thermal conductivity. Both chemical and biological methods can be used to create nanoparticles. Several distinct kinds of metallic nanoparticles have extensive industrial uses, including magnetic, alloy, silver, and gold. An overview of nanoparticles is intended to be provided in this work, with particular attention to their method of kinds and biosynthesis.