Review of anaemia in pregnancy

Abstract

Pregnancy-induced Anemia is the most prevalent disorder caused by nutritional deficiencies recognized globally. The study aims to control Anemia in expectant mothers and ascertain how it affects the health of the mother and fetus. Anaemia is linked to higher rates of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality and ranges from 65% to 75% in India, 51% in underdeveloped nations, and 14% in wealthy countries (from 2000 to 2019, the prevalence has decreased by 19.6%). Numerous epidemiological studies have already remarked on the seriousness of the issue. According to studies, the increase in blood volume during pregnancy results in the body's total body iron reserves being depleted. Anemia in pregnant women is brought on by several risk factors, which can result in several complications such as preterm labor, placental abruption, etc.; for the optimal diagnosis, a complete blood count is preferred, and also measurement of serum ferritin has the highest sensitivity and specificity. The primary form of treatment for PIA is oral iron therapy (Ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate.,). Intravenous (IV) iron therapy (Iron dextran, Iron sucrose.,) is a different therapeutic option for individuals who do not react to oral iron therapy. A well-planned nutritious diet which iron, folic acid, and vit.B.12(red meat, beans, jaggery, cereals, strawberries, etc.) are necessary to prevent such anemic conditions. Lack of medication adherence by the patient is the most often noted risk factor for anemia advancement, even after a precise diagnosis and prescription.