Cost-effectiveness of different treatment modalities of lumbar spondylolisthesis

Abstract

Lumbar spondylolisthesis displaces one lumbar vertebra over another and often causes nerve root pressure and various symptoms, including low back pain, numbness, tingling, discomfort, stiffness, and muscular tightness. The lumbar region of the spine comprises five vertebrae(L1-L5) and S1, intervertebral discs, facet joints, pars interarticularis, foramina, spinal canal, discs, transverse process, and muscles. So, understanding the spine's structure is crucial for figuring out what is causing the issue. Lumbar spondylolisthesis can result from a variety of circumstances. Its complex etiology includes inflammatory joint illnesses, repeated stress, hereditary susceptibility, fractures, wear and tear, and abnormalities in the pars interarticularis. Lumbar Spondylolisthesis is the most prominent condition in the Department of Neurosurgery and Orthopedics. Conducted a prospective observational study of patients(n=200) diagnosed with Lumbar spondylolisthesis. The data was gathered and examined using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score. Various diagnostic tests were performed to confirm SPL. Surgical treatment, Conservative Management, and physiotherapy were used in the treatment. Finally, the cost of surgical and conservative therapy was estimated to determine Lumbar Spondylolisthesis's cost-effectiveness. Of 200 patients, 118 were treated with Conservative Management, and 82 had Surgical Management. Conservative management is considered less cost-effective, at 16.58% of the total expenditure, whereas surgical management constitutes 83.42% of the total spending and is deemed more cost-effective. Therefore, a study needs to create awareness and provide knowledge about the costs and cost-effectiveness of various lumbar spondylolisthesis treatment choices.