Pattern, risk factors and clinical presentation of anemia at a tertiary care hospital – a prospective observational study

Abstract

Anemia is a worldwide health concern, and it is defined by reduced haemoglobin levels below 18 g/dL in males and 12g/dL in females prompt identification of anemia can decrease mortality and morbidity rates by recognizing morphological patterns, clinical manifestations, and risk factors. A six-month prospective observational study was conducted on 150 patients in the inpatient wards of general surgery and general medicine departments. The study focused on demographic information, clinical symptoms, and laboratory test for identification of pattern, risk factors, and treatment approaches. Findings revealed that 76% of cases were female patients, and 73% of patients having microcytic hypochromic anemia as a predominant pattern. Nutritional deficiency was determined to be a risk factor in 46% of anemic patients. The most frequent clinical symptoms were shortness of breath (60.8%) and combination of fatigue, dizziness and shortness of breath (34.2%). The research underscored the significance of assessing anemia for timely diagnosis and treatment, emphasizing that morphological patterns provide crucial insights into underlying pathophysiology. Early intervention can reduce the morbidity and mortality rates and improve patient’s quality of life.