Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of whole plant extracts of pholidota articulate lindl

Abstract

Pholidota articulata is a clump-forming epiphyte or lithophyte with crowded pseudobulbs called the necklace orchid or common rattlesnake orchid. This study used extracts from the entire Pholidota articulata plant to identify phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity. This orchid's different solvent extracts, including methanol, ethanol, hexane, and chloroform, were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against three fungi (Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., and Aspergillus niger) and five clinical pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia) using the disc diffusion method. A preliminary phytochemical examination was carried out to find alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, steroids, and glycosides, among other substances. Every extract exhibited varying inhibitory potential against the microorganisms tested for this investigation. The maximum inhibition zone (14–15 mm) was discovered at a concentration of 10.0 mg-1 of chloroform extract, demonstrating antibacterial activity against all bacteria with a zone of inhibition spanning 5–15 mm. Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp., and Penicillium sp. were all significantly inhibited by chloroform extract, with the largest zone of inhibition (16–17 mm). We successfully identified antimicrobial activity that might be used to isolate and characterize the impact of new phytochemicals on several infectious disorders, mainly because of the rise of antimicrobial agents and drug-resistant microbes.