A comprehensive review of the mechanism of action in peptic ulcer pathogenesis

Abstract

Up to 10% of people worldwide suffer from peptic ulcer disease, making it a common yet serious chronic condition. Peptic ulcers develop when stomach juice pH is high and mucosal defenses are weakened. The infection with Helicobacter pylori (H.) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) have been linked to decreased mucosal resilience to damage. Internal gastrointestinal (GI) disruption due to the production of gastric acid or pepsin is what defines peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The stomach and the first part of the duodenum are common sites for the phenomenon. The jejunum, distal duodenum, and lower esophagus might be affected. Patients with gastric ulcers often have epigastric discomfort 15-30 minutes after eating, whereas those with duodenal ulcers suffer pain 2-3 hours after eating. Side effects, relapses, and medication interactions have been reported with peptic ulcer therapies such as proton pump inhibition chemicals and histamine (H2) receptor inhibitor molecules. However, the chemical compounds found in medicinal plants may be used to cure and prevent various illnesses. Therefore, this analysis will look at some of the most often-used medicinal plants for peptic ulcers and how they may be used in these capacities.