Unveiling the Secrets of Bougainvillea: A Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties

Abstract

This review dives into the fascinating world of Bougainvillea, exploring its chemical makeup and potential health benefits. While research encompasses 18 species, most studies (phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological) have focused on just four species and their cultivars, along with one hybrid. Interestingly, some Bougainvillea species already have a history of use in traditional medicine. Scientific investigations have confirmed the presence of diverse chemical compounds within Bougainvillea, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids, volatile oils, phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenes. These studies suggest that not only the extracts but also isolated active components from Bougainvillea exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. This exciting potential pave the way for further exploration of Bougainvillea as a source of valuable therapeutic compounds. To unlock the full potential of Bougainvillea, future research should delve deeper into the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of all species, cultivars, and hybrids. Understanding mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy is crucial for responsible development of any potential medications derived from this beautiful and promising genus.