Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Management: A Review of Conventional and Contemporary Treatment Strategies

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26452/fjphs.v2i2.244

Keywords:

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), Breast Cancer, Therapeutic Target, Treatment Options, AMPK, Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy, mTOR Inhibitors, PARP Inhibitors

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a heterogenous subtype of breast cancer, is estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative and is the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in women. The poor prognosis and an aggressive clinical course of TNBC warrants further research for therapeutic options. The current treatment alternatives, along with the potential therapeutic targets for TNBC have been enlisted here. Therapeutic benefits of AMPK modulation, androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, epi-drugs, immunotherapy, mTOR inhibition, PARP inhibition, platinum-based chemotherapy and various such modalities have been discussed. A reduction in cancer growth through AMPK activation by some drugs has directed research towards developing AMPK agonists and antagonists. mTOR suppression via AMPK pathway activation has shown to result in loss of tumor cell proliferation and glucose synthesis and thus, provides a beneficial outcome. Since many TNBC tumors express androgen receptors (AR), many agents which antagonize AR have been implicated in the treatment of TNBC. Regulation of epigenetic proteins by epi-drugs has shown to activate the apoptosis pathway, suppress the survival pathway and has been investigated. A detailed research on immunotherapy utilization in TNBC has emphasized its part in constraining tumor cell activity. Also, PARP inhibition has been associated with prolonged survival, especially in BRCA1/2 germline mutations and several combination regimens of PARP inhibitors with other drugs have been studied. Promising results of platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy have been reported to prevent recurrences, compared to the standard scheduled therapy. This review aims to summarize existing as well as the feasible therapeutic courses of action for TNBC.

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Published

2022-04-05

How to Cite

Disha Shah, Neha Raghani, Vishvas Patel, & Mehul Chorawala. (2022). Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Management: A Review of Conventional and Contemporary Treatment Strategies. Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences, 2(2), 102–114. https://doi.org/10.26452/fjphs.v2i2.244

Issue

Section

Review Articles