International Journal of Experimental and Biomedical Research

Formulation and evaluation of miconazole-loaded nanosponges for topical delivery

Akepati Sravan Kumar , B Jagadeesh Babu, B Nageswara Naik, M Pradeep Kumar — Sat, 04 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0530

In this work, nanosponges were made by solvent evaporation and mixed with miconazole to form a gel. Utilizing the solvent evaporation method, the formulations for the Nanosponges were created with PVA functioning as a co-polymer and rate-retarders HP-? Cyclodextrin and HPMC K4M. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) spectroscopy was employed to ascertain the drug's compatibility with those in the formulation. We examined the surface form, yield of manufacture, and efficacy of drug entrapment in nanosponges. The Nanosponges' shape and surface morphology were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The spherical and porous nature of the Nanosponges was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. All of the nanosponges' variations were spherical, according to SEM pictures; however, drug crystals could be seen on the surface of the nanosponge at higher ratios. The drug/polymer ratio increased from 1:1 to 1:3, increasing in order as the polymer concentration increased. However, as the drug-to-polymer ratio increased, it was discovered that the particle size decreased beyond a specific concentration. The average particle size for each formulation ranges from 334.4 to 468.8 nm. The range for the drug content of different formulations was discovered to be 84.24 to 98.78%. While the other formulations' entrapment efficiencies varied from 91.78 to 94.72%, the F8 formulation's drug release was determined to be 969.92% in just 8 hours. The optimized gel formulation stayed stable for 15 days based on stability testing.

Formulations and evaluations of repaglinide microspheres by ionotropic gelation technique

Thu, 02 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0530

The current study aimed to formulate and evaluate Repaglinide microspheres utilizing the ionotropic gelation process, with sodium alginate, HPMC, and Carbopol as polymers and Cacl2 as a cross-linking agent. Because of its high biocompatibility and lack of toxicity, sodium alginate is a biodegradable natural polymer with considerable promise for therapeutic uses. Repaglinide microspheres offer desirable qualities. The ionotropic gelation approach allows for high medication integration in microspheres without harmful agents that have adverse side effects. The microspheres are tested for percentage yield, entrapment efficiency, micromimetic properties, in-vitro drug release, etc. Extensive in-vitro testing revealed that more than 102% of the medication is released after 11-12 hours; however, in this formulation, drug release is maintained for up to 12 hours. The percentage entrapment efficiency is 102%. The microspheres had a percentage yield of 96%. Using essential equipment, ionotropic gelation can also be carried out under relatively mild situations. Managing numerous manufacturing parameters is critical in producing microspheres with superior sphericity, high yield, and exceptional drug encapsulation.

Examinations of Indigofera tinctoria Linn's pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical analyses

Fri, 03 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0530

To conduct a preliminary phytochemical analysis and a comprehensive pharmacognostic profile of Indigofera tinctoria Linn. leaves, often referred to as "indigo," a member of the Fabaceae family distributed across the warmer regions of India. The leaves’ juice is medicinally used to prevent hydrophobia and treat blennorrhea. The plant extract is applied for bronchitis, epilepsy, nervous disorders, sores, ulcers, and hemorrhoids, while the roots are used for hepatitis, scorpion bites, and urinary complaints. Methods: The leaves of Indigofera tinctoria Linn. were examined using macroscopy, microscopy, quantitative microscopy, physicochemical analysis, and phytochemical analysis following WHO-recommended standardisation techniques. Macroscopically, the leaves are oblanceolate with a cuneate base, mucronate apex, distinct odour, and smooth texture. Each leaf has nine to thirteen leaflets, measuring 0.3–1.2 cm in breadth and 1–2.5 cm in length. Microscopically, the leaflets showed wavy margins in transverse sections, angular thick-walled xylem, and a thick arc of phloem. Sclerenchymatous bands and anamocytic stomata were observed, along with lignified sclerenchyma cells. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, mucilage, and saponins.These findings provide essential standards for the identification and potential medicinal applications of Indigofera tinctoria in future research.