A Review of Schizophrenia

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder. "Eugen Bleuler" first used the phrase "Schizophrenia" in 1908. It mainly affects the person's ability to think clearly and control emotions. Schizophrenia affects 1% of adults worldwide. Men are more likely to be diagnosed and have an earlier onset than women. The exact cause of Schizophrenia is unknown, and it may be due to genetics, the imbalance between the neurotransmitters, stress, pregnancy, or birth-related factors. Signs and symptoms usually involve positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech. Negative symptoms include a lack of ability, interest in everyday activities, and social withdrawal. According to ICD-10, the diagnosis of Schizophrenia, a person must show at least two of the following symptoms for a month such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and hyperactive behaviour. Schizophrenia is usually treated with antipsychotics for the symptoms of an acute schizophrenic episode. Other therapies include cognitive behavioural therapy, psychoeducation, and family therapy.