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\def\citeauthor{~Sayyed~Nazifa~S,
              ~Patel~Seema~A,
              ~Manjra~Mehfuza~U,
              ~Lajporiya~Mobina~I,
              ~Aejaz~Ahmed~A,
              ~Khan~G~J,
              ~Quazi~Majaz,
              ~Patel~M~Siddik}
\def\citetitle{A Simple UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Assay study on different brands of Mefenamic Acid, Paracetamol and Furosemide}
\def\copyrightstmt{This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.}
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\def\RunningAuthor{Sayyed Nazifa S et al.}
\firstPage{57}
\articleType{Original Article}
\receivedDate{01 Feb 2022}
\acceptedDate{14 Feb 2022}
\revisedDate{12 Feb 2022}
\journalVolume{2}
\journalIssue{2}
\journalDoi{fjphs.v2i2.216}
\copyrightYear{2022}
\eISSN{2583-116X}
\pISSN{xxxx-xxxx}
\journalDoi{fjphs.v2i2.216}
\def\authorCount{8}
\def\affCount{2}

\def\journalTitle{Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences}

\title{A Simple UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Assay study on different brands of Mefenamic Acid, Paracetamol and Furosemide}
\author{Sayyed~Nazifa~S\textsuperscript{*}\textsuperscript{1},  
            Patel~Seema~A\textsuperscript{1},  
            Manjra~Mehfuza~U\textsuperscript{1},  
            Lajporiya~Mobina~I\textsuperscript{1},  
            Aejaz~Ahmed~A\textsuperscript{2}\textsuperscript{\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7552-877X}{\XeTeXLinkBox{\includegraphics[height=7pt]{orcid-logo-pharmascope.pdf}}}},  
            Khan~G~J\textsuperscript{1},  
            Quazi~Majaz\textsuperscript{1}\textsuperscript{\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8632-6295}{\XeTeXLinkBox{\includegraphics[height=7pt]{orcid-logo-pharmascope.pdf}}}}, 
            Patel~M~Siddik\textsuperscript{1}~\\[5pt]{\textsuperscript{1}Ali-Allana College of Pharmacy, Akkalkuwa-425415, Nandurbar, Maharashtra, India}~\\{\textsuperscript{2}Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ali-Allana College of Pharmacy, Akkalkuwa-425415, Nandurbar, Maharashtra, India}}

\begin{abstract}
The objective of the project seeks to develop an effective significant less going to consume as well as simple spectrophotometry for such assay of Mefenamic acid Paracetamol and Furosemide. Comparative of assay of 3 distinct brand products of Mefenamic acid (Meftal 250-dt, Mefacid, Mefac), Paracetamol (T-98, Parawal-500, Crocin) and Furosemide (Lasix, Frusenex, and Furosemide) available in medical store of Akkalkuwa dist-nandurbar, India has also been done. With us results reveal that between the all 3 brand products anyway of Mefac shows highest percent assay 105.48\% while mefacid shows lowest value for percentage assay 95.48\% and in all brands of Paracetamol Parawal-500 shows highest percent assay 106.66\% T-98 shows lowest percent assay 98.66\% \& Furosemide Frusenex shows greatest percentage assay of 104\% while Furosemide demonstrates lower critical for percentage assay 95\%. The part of its success excellent reliability inside the variety of 6.25-100 \ensuremath{\mu}g/ml with all brands of Mefenamic acid and Furosemide to correlation coefficient of 0.999. The recovery among all brand products of Mefenamic acid, Paracetamol and Furosemide was {\textgreater} 90\%. The dilution and assay method perform in water and NaOH as a solvent.
\end{abstract}\def\keywordstitle{Keywords}

\begin{keywords}Ultra Violet-Visible Spectrophotometer,\newline Furosemide,\newline Paracetamol,\newline Mefanamic Acid,\newline Method Development,\newline Assay
\end{keywords}
\twocolumn[ \maketitle {\printKwdAbsBox}]
\makeatletter{\raggedright{\Large$^\ast$}Corresponding Author\par Name:\ Sayyed~Nazifa~S~\\ Phone:\ +91 9011155683~\\  Email:\ sayyednazifa@gmail.com
        \par}\vspace*{-13pt}\hrulefill\par\ifx\@eISSN\@empty\else{\fontsize{12}{14}\selectfont eISSN: \@eISSN\hfill pISSN: \@pISSN}\par\fi% 
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        \makeatother
        
    
\section{Introduction}
Mefenamic acid \& Paracetamol is used as antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory. The antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of paracetamol is due to inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. Furosemide is most frequently were using made of high quality loop diuretics being used in clinical practice \unskip~\cite{1347351:24354657,1347351:24354660,1347351:24354701}. Numerous analytical methods were reported for the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceuticals such as, Spectrophotometric, chromatographic volumetric electrochemical in addition to polarography. Because PCM is being increasingly used for therapeutic purposes, its determination and quality control are of vital importance and one of the determining techniques most frequently used in pharmaceutical analysis is UV {\textendash} VIS spectrophotometry [Figure~\ref{f-4369dde1c0a7}, Figure~\ref{f-f95be3b7e60f} \& Figure~\ref{f-c3d243fca776}] \unskip~\cite{1347351:24354705,1347351:24354707,1347351:24354738}.


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\caption{\boldmath {Mefenamic acid (IUPAC NAME: 2-(2, 3 {\textendash}Dimethyl aniline) benzoic acid)}}
\label{f-4369dde1c0a7}
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\caption{\boldmath {Paracetamol (IUPAC NAME: (4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide)}}
\label{f-f95be3b7e60f}
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\caption{\boldmath {Furosemide (IUPAC NAME: -5-(aminosuphonyl)-4-chloro-2- ([2-furanylmethyl] amino) benzoic acid)}}
\label{f-c3d243fca776}
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\begin{table*}[!htbp]
\caption{\boldmath {List of Sample Under Study} }
\label{tw-4770fb83f58d}
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\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}{p{\dimexpr.17349999999999998\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.18400000000000006\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.2332\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.12559999999999999\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.16759999999999998\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.11610000000000001\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}
\tbltoprule \rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}\cAlignHack Tablet sample & \cAlignHack Brand name & \cAlignHack Company & \cAlignHack Country & \cAlignHack Mean of tablet in (mg) & \cAlignHack Rsd n=20\\
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\cAlignHack  &
  \cAlignHack Meftal-250 DT{\textsuperscript{\textregistered}} &
  \cAlignHack Blue Cross Pharmaceutical Ltd &
  \cAlignHack India &
  \cAlignHack 410 &
  \cAlignHack 2.62\\
\cAlignHack Mefenamic acid &
  \cAlignHack Meftal-250 DT{\textsuperscript{\textregistered}} &
  \cAlignHack Floret Pharmaceutical Ltd &
  \cAlignHack India &
  \cAlignHack 417 &
  \cAlignHack 1.45\\
\cAlignHack  &
  \cAlignHack Mefac{\textsuperscript{\textregistered}} &
  \cAlignHack P \& B Pharmaceutical Ltd &
  \cAlignHack India &
  \cAlignHack 401 &
  \cAlignHack 2.05\\
\cAlignHack  &
  \cAlignHack T-98{\textsuperscript{\textregistered}} &
  \cAlignHack Mankind Pharma Ltd &
  \cAlignHack India &
  \cAlignHack 592 &
  \cAlignHack 1.92\\
\cAlignHack Paracetamol &
  \cAlignHack Prawal-500 &
  \cAlignHack Wallace Pharmaceutical Ltd &
  \cAlignHack India &
  \cAlignHack 544 &
  \cAlignHack 1.72\\
\cAlignHack  &
  \cAlignHack Crocin &
  \cAlignHack Glaxo Smithkline &
  \cAlignHack India &
  \cAlignHack 576 &
  \cAlignHack 1.93\\
\cAlignHack  &
  \cAlignHack Lasix{\textsuperscript{\textregistered}} &
  \cAlignHack Sanofi India &
  \cAlignHack India &
  \cAlignHack 160 &
  \cAlignHack 2.56\\
\cAlignHack Furosemide &
  \cAlignHack Frusenex{\textsuperscript{\textregistered}} &
  \cAlignHack Geno Pharmaceuticals Ltd &
  \cAlignHack India &
  \cAlignHack 163 &
  \cAlignHack 3.0\\
\cAlignHack  &
  \cAlignHack Furosemide{\textsuperscript{\textregistered}} &
  \cAlignHack Cord Healthcare Ltd &
  \cAlignHack India &
  \cAlignHack 159 &
  \cAlignHack 1.88\\
\tblbottomrule 
\end{tabulary}\par 
\end{table*}

\begin{table*}[!htbp]
\caption{\boldmath {Absorbance of Different Brands of Mefenamic acid Paracetamol and Furosemide} }
\label{tw-5f84f26e8f50}
\def\arraystretch{1.1}
\ignorespaces 
\centering 
\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}{p{\dimexpr.10\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1153\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.0847\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.10\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.10\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.10\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.10\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.10\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1009\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.0991\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}
\tbltoprule \rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}\cAlignHack Conc. Ppm & \multicolumn{3}{p{\dimexpr(.30\linewidth-2\tabcolsep)}}{\cAlignHack Mefenamic acid} & \multicolumn{3}{p{\dimexpr(.30\linewidth-2\tabcolsep)}}{\cAlignHack Paracetamol} & \multicolumn{3}{p{\dimexpr(.30\linewidth-2\tabcolsep)}}{\cAlignHack Furosemide}\\
\rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}\cAlignHack  & \cAlignHack Meftal-250 DT & \cAlignHack Mefacid & \cAlignHack Mefac & \cAlignHack T-98 & \cAlignHack Parawal-500 & \cAlignHack Crocin & \cAlignHack Lasix & \cAlignHack Frusenex & \cAlignHack Furosemide\\
\tblmidrule 
\cAlignHack 100 &
  \cAlignHack 0.54 &
  \cAlignHack 0.58 &
  \cAlignHack 0.6 &
  \cAlignHack 0.65 &
  \cAlignHack 0.57 &
  \cAlignHack 0.61 &
  \cAlignHack 0.572 &
  \cAlignHack 0.6 &
  \cAlignHack 0.54\\
\cAlignHack 50 &
  \cAlignHack 0.27 &
  \cAlignHack 0.37 &
  \cAlignHack 0.34 &
  \cAlignHack 0.42 &
  \cAlignHack 0.42 &
  \cAlignHack 0.42 &
  \cAlignHack 0.36 &
  \cAlignHack 0.33 &
  \cAlignHack 0.34\\
\cAlignHack 25 &
  \cAlignHack 0.13 &
  \cAlignHack 0.16 &
  \cAlignHack 0.15 &
  \cAlignHack 0.19 &
  \cAlignHack 0.28 &
  \cAlignHack 0.28 &
  \cAlignHack 0.15 &
  \cAlignHack 0.18 &
  \cAlignHack 0.21\\
\cAlignHack 12.5 &
  \cAlignHack 0.07 &
  \cAlignHack 0.08 &
  \cAlignHack 0.09 &
  \cAlignHack 0.08 &
  \cAlignHack 0.19 &
  \cAlignHack 0.19 &
  \cAlignHack 0.07 &
  \cAlignHack 0.097 &
  \cAlignHack 0.11\\
\cAlignHack 6.25 &
  \cAlignHack 0.02 &
  \cAlignHack 0.034 &
  \cAlignHack 0.04 &
  \cAlignHack 0.035 &
  \cAlignHack 0.06 &
  \cAlignHack 0.06 &
  \cAlignHack 0.02 &
  \cAlignHack 0.05 &
  \cAlignHack 0.08\\
\tblbottomrule 
\end{tabulary}\par 
\end{table*}

\begin{table*}[!htbp]
\caption{\boldmath {\% Assay, Regression Equation and r\ensuremath{^2} of Different Brands of Mefenamic Acid, Paracetamol and Furosemide} }
\label{tw-06b9c682c2e8}
\def\arraystretch{1.1}
\ignorespaces 
\centering 
\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}{p{\dimexpr.14\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1567\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.18240000000000002\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.14379999999999999\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1105\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1683\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.09829999999999998\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}
\tbltoprule \rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}\cAlignHack Tablet sample & \cAlignHack Brand name & \cAlignHack Average weight of tablet in mg & \cAlignHack Absorbance & \cAlignHack \% Assay & \cAlignHack Regression Equation & \cAlignHack r\ensuremath{^2}\\
\tblmidrule 
\cAlignHack  &
  \cAlignHack Meftal-250 Dt &
  \cAlignHack 410 &
  \cAlignHack 0.56 &
  \cAlignHack 96\% &
  \cAlignHack Y=0.006x+0.011 &
  \cAlignHack 0.994\\
\cAlignHack Mefenamic acid &
  \cAlignHack Mefacid &
  \cAlignHack 417 &
  \cAlignHack 0.55 &
  \cAlignHack 95.40\% &
  \cAlignHack Y=0.005x+0.016 &
  \cAlignHack 0.977\\
\cAlignHack  &
  \cAlignHack Mefacid &
  \cAlignHack 401 &
  \cAlignHack 0.61 &
  \cAlignHack 105.48\% &
  \cAlignHack Y=0.005x+0.006 &
  \cAlignHack 0.999\\
\cAlignHack  &
  \cAlignHack T-98 &
  \cAlignHack 592 &
  \cAlignHack 0.53 &
  \cAlignHack 98.66\% &
  \cAlignHack Y=0.006x+0.017 &
  \cAlignHack 0.973\\
\cAlignHack Paracetamol &
  \cAlignHack Parawal-500 &
  \cAlignHack 544 &
  \cAlignHack 0.56 &
  \cAlignHack 104.42\% &
  \cAlignHack Y=0.005x+0.111 &
  \cAlignHack 0.91\\
\cAlignHack  &
  \cAlignHack Crocin &
  \cAlignHack 576 &
  \cAlignHack 0.55 &
  \cAlignHack 102.56\% &
  \cAlignHack Y=0.005x+0.076 &
  \cAlignHack 0.931\\
\cAlignHack  &
  \cAlignHack Lasix &
  \cAlignHack 160 &
  \cAlignHack 0.56 &
  \cAlignHack 96.50\% &
  \cAlignHack Y=0.005X+0.004 &
  \cAlignHack 0.977\\
\cAlignHack Furosemide &
  \cAlignHack Frusenex &
  \cAlignHack 163 &
  \cAlignHack 0.6 &
  \cAlignHack 104\% &
  \cAlignHack Y=0.005x+0.026 &
  \cAlignHack 0.997\\
\cAlignHack  &
  \cAlignHack Furosemide &
  \cAlignHack 159 &
  \cAlignHack 0.55 &
  \cAlignHack 95\% &
  \cAlignHack Y=0.004x+0.063 &
  \cAlignHack 0.999\\
\tblbottomrule 
\end{tabulary}\par 
\end{table*}

    
\section{MATERIALS AND METHODS}
Material: Mefenamic acid, Paracetamol, furosamide, NaOH, distilled water.

Apparatus: UV-Visible spectrophotometer (shimadzu1800), weight balance, volumetric flask, filtration assembly etc.

\textbf{Experimental Design}

UV visible 1800 Shimadzu double beam spectrophotometer had been used it to measure spectroscopic. The liquid that are used again for assay had been liquid.

\textbf{Wavelength Selection}

Regarding 100 ppm of mefenamic acid as well as furosemide remedy was precisely able to prepare in liquid. These solutions were searched inside the 200-400nm UV areas. The light spectrum maximum values (\ensuremath{\lambda }-max) have been noted at 288nm and 276nm including both this wavelength was embraced for absorption spectrum measuring device. For wavelength selection for Paracetamol regarding 100 ppm of paracetamol solution was accurately prepared in 0.1N NaOH. Its wavelength had been noticed at 257nm and this frequency range had been embraced for absorbance measuring system \unskip~\cite{1347351:24354831}.

\textbf{Standard Stock Solution}

Weighed accurately 10 mg of mefenamic acid and furosemide standard had been transmitted to the volumetric flask and got to add adequate water to supply 100 ml 0.1N NaOH use as a solvent for the preparation of paracetamol standard stock solution.

\textbf{Sample Preparation}

The three different brands mefenamic (meftal250 DT, Mefac, Mefacid) and furosemide (Lasix, Frusenex, and Furosemide) were bought from various medical store Akkalkuwa, Dist-Nandurbar, (MS) India. All tablets of each brand have same batch number and were labelled to contain Mefenamic acid 250mg and furosemide 10mg per tablet [Table~\ref{tw-4770fb83f58d}].

20 tablets of three different brand products from of the marketed sample were assessed and squashed evenly with assist of a pestle and mortar. By assessing the typical did weigh test powder similar to 10 mg of Mefenamic acid was transmitted into the flasks usually contains 10ml water. The remedies have been samples treated for around 5 min and then after make up the volume to 100 ml with water.

\textbf{Procedure}

Now since obtained from the standard and tablet solutions, confidence of solution 10 mg in 100 ml absorbance of the specimen preparation and basic time to prepare in 1cm at the wavelength of amount of light absorbed at almost of absorption peak at almost 288nm for mefenamic acid, 257 for paracetamol and 276nm for furosemide that used a spectrophotometer, to use the blank had been assessed \unskip~\cite{1347351:24354832}.


\bgroup
\fixFloatSize{images/c7073061-717e-4614-8405-c04670477386-upicture4.png}
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering \makeatletter\IfFileExists{images/c7073061-717e-4614-8405-c04670477386-upicture4.png}{\includegraphics{images/c7073061-717e-4614-8405-c04670477386-upicture4.png}}{}
\makeatother 
\caption{\boldmath {\% Assay of Mefenamic Acid, Paracetamol, Furosemide}}
\label{f-037fbff352ba}
\end{figure}
\egroup

\bgroup
\fixFloatSize{images/2f7af595-8325-458f-8edd-a52016a32b8d-upicture5.png}
\begin{figure*}[!htbp]
\centering \makeatletter\IfFileExists{images/2f7af595-8325-458f-8edd-a52016a32b8d-upicture5.png}{\includegraphics{images/2f7af595-8325-458f-8edd-a52016a32b8d-upicture5.png}}{}
\makeatother 
\caption{\boldmath {Linearity of Meftal250-dt, Lasix mefacid, Frusenex, Mefac, Furosemide, T-98, parawal-500 and Crocin}}
\label{f-1ab50d4cae73}
\end{figure*}
\egroup

    
\section{Results and Discussion\textbf{\space }}
The measurement was carried out by using UV spectrophotometer on every 3 brand products of Mefanamic acid, Paracetamol and Furosemide tablets although research. The mean average weight of different brands of tablet and relative standard deviation (RSD) [Table~\ref{tw-4770fb83f58d}]. The absorbance of all brands of different drugs at different ppm concentration [Table~\ref{tw-5f84f26e8f50}]. The \% assay, regression equation \& r\ensuremath{^2} of various labels [Table~\ref{tw-06b9c682c2e8}]. Our result expose that among all three brands of Mefanamic acid, Mefac shows highest percentage assay 105.48 \%, Meftal show 96\% and Mefacid 95.48\% which is showing lowest value of percentage assay. For Paracetamol Crocin shows highest percentage assay 104.42\%, Parawal show 102.56\% and T-98 shows 98.66\% which is showing lowest value of percentage assay. For Furosemide Frusenex shows highest percentage assay 104 \%, Lasix show 96.5\% and Furosemide 95\% which is showing lowest value of percentage assay [Figure~\ref{f-037fbff352ba}]. The strategy showed some good linear relationship inside the wide variety of 6.25-100 \ensuremath{\mu}g/ml with all labels of Mefanamic acid, Paracetamol and Furosemide with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The retrieval among all labels of Mefanamic acid, Paracetamol and Furosemide was {\textgreater}90\%. The regression equation with R\ensuremath{^2} value which is in between 0.90-0.99 [Table~\ref{tw-06b9c682c2e8}].

\textbf{Selectivity and Specificity}

The strategy was formed through study of resolution component of a peak of each product from those of excipients. Its was discovered to also be freed from intervention from of the excipients in use in preparation products and thus the technique is specific for individual along with combine drug.

\textbf{Accuracy and Recovery}

There is no significance difference between the amounts of drug recovered. Thus excipients did not interfere with the estimation [Table~\ref{tw-06b9c682c2e8}]\textbf{.}

\textbf{Range and Linearity}

It shows the linear interpolation statistic of intensity analysis response, the standard deviation of the analytical variance of a linear regression as well as the analytical linear range the regression line and the optimum linear range (6.25-100 \ensuremath{\mu}g/ml) and were discovered to also be sequential inside the quantitative varies [Figure~\ref{f-1ab50d4cae73}]. All the analyzed drug related using a linear regression outstanding linear relationship had been acquired throughout all instances to correlation coefficients [Table~\ref{tw-06b9c682c2e8}].
    
\section{Conclusion}
In all three different brands of Mefenamic acid, Paracetamol and Furosemide following result was obtained. For Mefenamic acid, Mefac shows highest percentage assay 105.48\%, Meftal 250-DT show 96\% and Mefacid shows 95.48\% which is showing lowest value of percentage assay, for paracetamol Perawal-500 shows highest percentage assay 104.46\%, Crocin shows 102.56\% and T-98 shows 98.66\% which is lowest value of percentage assay \& for Furosemide Frusenex shows highest percentage assay 104 \%, Lasix show 96.5\% and Furosemide 95\% which is showing lowest value of percentage assay. Available local market, give information about these products, comply with the provisions of IP standard method.
    
\section{Acknowledgement}
Authors are thankful to the President JIIU {\textendash} Maulana Gulam Mohammad Vastanvi \& Principal Ali-Allana college of Pharmacy, Akkalkuwa for providing essential Facilities \& Support.

\textbf{Funding Support} \textbf{\space }

The authors declare that they have no funding support for this study.

\textbf{Conflict of Interest} \textbf{\space }

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
    

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