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\def\citeauthor{~Jampani~Susmitha,
              ~Shaik~Sana,
              ~Venkatanarayana~D,
              ~Anusha~Krishna~N,
              ~Ganesh~Prasad~B,
              ~Bathala~Anitha}
\def\citetitle{Development and Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Polyherbal Hand Wash}
\def\copyrightstmt{This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.}
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\def\RunningAuthor{Jampani Susmitha et al.}
\firstPage{176}
\articleType{Original Article}
\receivedDate{10 Aug 2021}
\acceptedDate{29 Aug 2021}
\revisedDate{28 Aug 2021}
\journalVolume{1}
\journalIssue{4}
\journalDoi{fjphs.v1i4.176}
\copyrightYear{2021}
\eISSN{2583-116X}
\journalDoi{fjphs.v1i4.176}
\def\authorCount{6}
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\def\journalTitle{Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences}

\title{Development and Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Polyherbal Hand Wash}
\author{Jampani~Susmitha\textsuperscript{*}\textsuperscript{1}\textsuperscript{\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-9631}{\XeTeXLinkBox{\includegraphics[height=7pt]{orcid-logo-pharmascope.pdf}}}},  
            Shaik~Sana\textsuperscript{2}\textsuperscript{\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7524-4403}{\XeTeXLinkBox{\includegraphics[height=7pt]{orcid-logo-pharmascope.pdf}}}},  
            Venkatanarayana~D\textsuperscript{3}\textsuperscript{\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1642-5172}{\XeTeXLinkBox{\includegraphics[height=7pt]{orcid-logo-pharmascope.pdf}}}},  
            Anusha~Krishna~N\textsuperscript{4}\textsuperscript{\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-6261}{\XeTeXLinkBox{\includegraphics[height=7pt]{orcid-logo-pharmascope.pdf}}}},  
            Ganesh~Prasad~B\textsuperscript{5}\textsuperscript{\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6305-6034}{\XeTeXLinkBox{\includegraphics[height=7pt]{orcid-logo-pharmascope.pdf}}}}, 
            Bathala~Anitha\textsuperscript{6}\textsuperscript{\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6224-6976}{\XeTeXLinkBox{\includegraphics[height=7pt]{orcid-logo-pharmascope.pdf}}}}~\\[5pt]{\textsuperscript{1}Pharmacovigilance, IQVIA RDS India Pvt. Ltd, Omega, Embassy Tech Square, Kadubeesanahalli, Marathahalli-Sarjapur Outer Ring Road, Bangalore-560103, Karnataka, India}~\\{\textsuperscript{2}Ratnam Institute of Pharmacy, Pidathapolur (V), Muthukur (M), Nellore-524346, Andhra Pradesh, India}~\\{\textsuperscript{3}Balaji College of Pharmacy, Sanapa Road, Alamuru (P), Rudrampet, Anantapur {\textendash} 515 001, Andhra Pradesh, India}~\\{\textsuperscript{4}Pharmacovigilance, ICON Clinical Research India Pvt. Ltd, Chennai ONE IT Park, North Block, 4th Floor, Pallavaram, Phase II, 200 Feet Radial Rd, MCN Nagar Extension, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-600097, Tamil Nadu, India}~\\{\textsuperscript{5}Pharmacovigilance, Navitas Life Science, Mobius Towers, SJR I-Park, EPIP, Whitefield, Bengaluru-560066, Karnataka, India}~\\{\textsuperscript{6}Sathish Dhawan memorial hospital (S.D.M.H), Apollo hospital (pharmacy), K.RP.Srihari Kota, Sullurupeta-524121, SPSR Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India}}

\begin{abstract}
Hand-washing is significant in agriculture, housekeeping, and in addition vital in houses and daycare plans. The artificial handwash formulations an effort antiquated entice formulate a polyherbal hand wash victimization extract of \textit{Sida cardifolia, } \textit{Azadirachta indica}, aloe vera gel, and lemon juice. The pH of hand wash was ranging from 6.36 to 6.88. The handwash formulations were ranges from 56 cp to 62 cp. The formulation planned out along with lemon juice displayed the best antimicrobial utilization than the formulation while not lemon juice. The stableness reports no change in pH \& Viscosity referred to in the formulations.\textbf{\space }The effects of the present work support the internalization as well as utilization of herbs in the formulation to help give better results. 
\end{abstract}\def\keywordstitle{Keywords}

\begin{keywords}Poly Herbal,\newline Hand Wash,\newline Antimicrobial Activity
\end{keywords}
\twocolumn[ \maketitle {\printKwdAbsBox}]
\makeatletter{\raggedright{\Large$^\ast$}Corresponding Author\par Name:\ Jampani~Susmitha~\\ Phone:\ 7730968276~\\  Email:\ su5mitha.jampani6980@gmail.com
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        \makeatother
        
    
\section{Introduction}
Skin is one of the most important exposed organs of the body requires that requires protection from pathogens. To protect the skin from harmful microorganisms and to prevent the spreading of many contagious diseases hand washing is absolutely an important precaution \unskip~\cite{1195857:23048372}. However, the correct use of a fingernail brush to wash hands and fingertips is the best way to assure the removal of transient microorganisms. Not only hand washing is critical in food service and food production operations, but it is also important in homes and daycare operations \unskip~\cite{1195857:23048374}.
    
\section{MATERIALS AND METHODS}
The taxonomic identification verification and validation has been done by Dr. P. Jayaraman, Director, National Institute of herbal medicine, plant anatomy research center, Chennai. The microorganisms were a self-possessed delight in the Sri Padmavati Mahila University in Tirupati.

\textbf{Methodology}

\textbf{Preparation of extracts}

10 grams of the pulverized leaves of each vascular plant have been sequenced and 100 milliliters of methyl alcohol solution employing extraction. This mix used to be heated up to a boil at 60\ensuremath{^{0}}C for 1 hour. The content is used to percolate Whatman filter paper to attain the particle-free squeeze \unskip~\cite{1195857:23048379}.

\textbf{Formulation}

The poly herbal hand wash formulations have been delineated by including methanolic extracts of plant substances, glycerin, and juice in 70 milliliters of distilled water. To with the final volume makeup with 150 ml, aloe vera gel, sodium lauryl sulfate, methylparaben, coloring, and flavoring agent used to be added as specified in the obligation of standard routine for the hand wash formulations \unskip~\cite{1195857:23048471}. The solution was homogenizer under room temperature and used for further evaluation studies [Table~\ref{tw-6c9f9fdbe985}].

\textbf{Evaluation Parameters}

\textbf{pH }

The pH was determined by using a digital pH meter. 60ml of herbal hand wash is taken in a beaker and dipped the bulb of the pH meter into the formulation and the pH was measured \unskip~\cite{1195857:23048472}.

\textbf{Viscosity}

It depends on employing a digital Brookfield viscometer \unskip~\cite{1195857:23048473}.

\textbf{Antimicrobial Test}

Three sterile Petri discs drown as testing the overall antimicrobial utilization towards 3 different microorganisms, i.e. \textit{Putida Vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtillis organism}. The plates have been stuffed with nutrient agar solution as well as consist of solidification. After hardening, the microorganisms from the overall subculture were inoculated into a spectacular medium, and five cavities have been made in. 

The primary cavity is full of herbal wash in addition to lime juice, the second along without lime juice, The third one neem squeeze, The quarter cavity with Bala extract, and at last cavity with marketed solution act as standard. 

The plate stretch in the incubator at 37\ensuremath{^{o}}C to check the activity. After 24 hours the plates have been referred to going from the zone of inhibition, the antimicrobial activity of the formulation is estimated \unskip~\cite{1195857:23048717}.


\begin{table*}[!htbp]
\caption{\boldmath {Quantity of ingredients used in the preparation of formulations} }
\label{tw-6c9f9fdbe985}
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\cAlignHack Methanolic extract of \textit{Azadirecta Indica} (ml) &
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  \cAlignHack 9  &
  \cAlignHack 9 \\
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  \cAlignHack 7  &
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  \cAlignHack 7  &
  \cAlignHack 7  &
  \cAlignHack 7\\
\cAlignHack Lemon juice (ml) &
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\cAlignHack Sodium lauryl sulphate (gms) &
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  \cAlignHack 7  &
  \cAlignHack 7  &
  \cAlignHack 7\\
\cAlignHack Methyl paraben (gms) &
  \cAlignHack 0.3  &
  \cAlignHack 0.3  &
  \cAlignHack 0.3  &
  \cAlignHack 0.3 g &
  \cAlignHack 0.3 g\\
\cAlignHack Rosemery oil (ml) &
  \cAlignHack 6 &
  \cAlignHack 6  &
  \cAlignHack 6  &
  \cAlignHack 6  &
  \cAlignHack 6 \\
\cAlignHack Purified Water (ml) &
  \cAlignHack 150  &
  \cAlignHack 150  &
  \cAlignHack 150  &
  \cAlignHack 150  &
  \cAlignHack 150 \\
\tblbottomrule 
\end{tabulary}\par 
\end{table*}

\begin{table*}[!htbp]
\caption{\boldmath {Evaluation Parameters of pH \& Viscosity of the Herbal formulations} }
\label{tw-a26aaaf2dc2a}
\def\arraystretch{1.1}
\ignorespaces 
\centering 
\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}{p{\dimexpr.2789\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1282\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.15309999999999999\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1407\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1461\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.153\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}
\tbltoprule \rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}\cAlignHack Parameter & \multicolumn{5}{p{\dimexpr(.7211\linewidth-2\tabcolsep)}}{\cAlignHack Formulations}\\
\rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}\cAlignHack  & \cAlignHack T\ensuremath{_{1}} & \cAlignHack T\ensuremath{_{2}} & \cAlignHack T\ensuremath{_{3}} & \cAlignHack T\ensuremath{_{4}} & \cAlignHack T\ensuremath{_{5}}\\
\tblmidrule 
\cAlignHack pH &
  \cAlignHack 6.36 &
  \cAlignHack 6.48 &
  \cAlignHack 6.28 &
  \cAlignHack 6.88 &
  \cAlignHack 6.44\\
\cAlignHack Viscosity (Centipoise) &
  \cAlignHack 56  &
  \cAlignHack 59  &
  \cAlignHack 62  &
  \cAlignHack 54  &
  \cAlignHack 61 \\
\tblbottomrule 
\end{tabulary}\par 
\end{table*}

\begin{table*}[!htbp]
\caption{\boldmath {Zone of Inhibition of the Polyherbal Hand Formulations} }
\label{tw-a6243fca5d56}
\def\arraystretch{1.1}
\ignorespaces 
\centering 
\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}{p{\dimexpr.3482\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.14059999999999999\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.12670000000000002\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.13370000000000001\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1214\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.12940000000000001\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}
\tbltoprule \rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}\cAlignHack Microorganisms & \multicolumn{5}{p{\dimexpr(.6518\linewidth-2\tabcolsep)}}{\cAlignHack Zone of inhibition in Cm}\\
\rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}\cAlignHack  & \cAlignHack T\ensuremath{_{1}} & \cAlignHack T\ensuremath{_{2}} & \cAlignHack T\ensuremath{_{3}} & \cAlignHack T\ensuremath{_{4}} & \cAlignHack T\ensuremath{_{5}}\\
\tblmidrule 
\cAlignHack \textit{Putida Vulgaris} &
  \cAlignHack 1 &
  \cAlignHack 0.7 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9 &
  \cAlignHack 0.6 &
  \cAlignHack 0.5\\
\cAlignHack \textit{Staphylococcus aerus} &
  \cAlignHack 0.8 &
  \cAlignHack 0.5 &
  \cAlignHack 0.7 &
  \cAlignHack 0.5 &
  \cAlignHack 0.4\\
\cAlignHack \textit{Bacillus subtillis} &
  \cAlignHack 0.9 &
  \cAlignHack 0.6 &
  \cAlignHack 0.8 &
  \cAlignHack 0.6 &
  \cAlignHack 0.4\\
\tblbottomrule 
\end{tabulary}\par 
\end{table*}

\begin{table*}[!htbp]
\caption{\boldmath {Stability Study for formulation LNSF4 in Acceleration Stability Studies} }
\label{tw-cbe5a7710ed3}
\def\arraystretch{1.1}
\ignorespaces 
\centering 
\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}{p{\dimexpr.581\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.19100000000000005\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.22799999999999997\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}
\tbltoprule \rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}\cAlignHack Period & \multicolumn{2}{p{\dimexpr(.41900000000000006\linewidth-2\tabcolsep)}}{\cAlignHack \textbf{30}\textbf{\ensuremath{^\circ}}\textbf{C \ensuremath{\pm} 2}\textbf{\ensuremath{^\circ}}\textbf{C and } \textbf{60\% RH \ensuremath{\pm} 5\% RH}}\\
\rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}\cAlignHack  & \cAlignHack pH & \cAlignHack Viscosity\\
\tblmidrule 
\cAlignHack 15 Days &
  \cAlignHack 6.44 &
  \cAlignHack 61\\
\cAlignHack 30 Days &
  \cAlignHack 6.44 &
  \cAlignHack 61\\
\cAlignHack 60 Days &
  \cAlignHack 6.45 &
  \cAlignHack 61\\
\cAlignHack 90 Days &
  \cAlignHack 6.45 &
  \cAlignHack 62\\
\tblbottomrule 
\end{tabulary}\par 
\end{table*}

\bgroup
\fixFloatSize{images/8b76fd51-eaad-4ea9-a039-4201c1dafdae-upicture1.png}
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering \makeatletter\IfFileExists{images/8b76fd51-eaad-4ea9-a039-4201c1dafdae-upicture1.png}{\includegraphics{images/8b76fd51-eaad-4ea9-a039-4201c1dafdae-upicture1.png}}{}
\makeatother 
\caption{\boldmath {Zone of Inhibition in a plate with \textit{Putida vulgaris}}}
\label{f-683a7c82cb49}
\end{figure}
\egroup

\bgroup
\fixFloatSize{images/8ca3b609-f1f5-415b-985b-4ce1362b4c82-upicture2.png}
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering \makeatletter\IfFileExists{images/8ca3b609-f1f5-415b-985b-4ce1362b4c82-upicture2.png}{\includegraphics{images/8ca3b609-f1f5-415b-985b-4ce1362b4c82-upicture2.png}}{}
\makeatother 
\caption{\boldmath {Zone of Inhibition in a plate with \textit{Staphylococcus aureus}}}
\label{f-66d632ee24da}
\end{figure}
\egroup

\bgroup
\fixFloatSize{images/fff57e89-eb22-4392-98f9-952cb508d799-upicture3.png}
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering \makeatletter\IfFileExists{images/fff57e89-eb22-4392-98f9-952cb508d799-upicture3.png}{\includegraphics[width=.79\linewidth]{images/fff57e89-eb22-4392-98f9-952cb508d799-upicture3.png}}{}
\makeatother 
\caption{\boldmath {Zone of Inhibition in a plate with \textit{Bacillus subtillis}}}
\label{f-cee78990189b}
\end{figure}
\egroup
\textbf{Stability Study }

The stability studies have performed storage co ditions for 90 days as follows Acceleration stability studies storage status antiquated serviceable delight in 30\ensuremath{^\circ}C \ensuremath{\pm} 2\ensuremath{^\circ}C and 60\% RH \ensuremath{\pm} 5\% RH. The optimized batch T5 was utilized for each condition's pH \& viscosity \unskip~\cite{1195857:23048719}.
    
\section{RESULTS AND DISCUSSION}
The Formulation used to be physical valuation than for the screening process for antimicrobial sensitiveness. The results of the performed following tests were observed in physical evaluation.

pH: The pH of hand wash was ranged from 6.36 to 6.88 [Table~\ref{tw-a26aaaf2dc2a}].  

Viscosity: The hand wash formulations were ranges from 56 cp to 62 cp [Table~\ref{tw-a26aaaf2dc2a}].

\textbf{Anti-Microbial Activity}

The formulation planned out along with lemon juice displayed the best antimicrobial utilization than the formulation while not lemon juice [Table~\ref{tw-a6243fca5d56}]. This sees the light result might be consisting of Citric acid in lemon juice. It is according to own a possible effect on bacteria [Figure~\ref{f-683a7c82cb49}, Figure~\ref{f-66d632ee24da} \& Figure~\ref{f-cee78990189b}].

\textbf{Note}

T1: Formulation along with lemon extract

T2: Formulation devoid of lemon extract 

T3: \textit{Azadirachta indica }squeeze 

T4: \textit{Sida cordifolia }squeeze 

T5: Herbal soap solution (standard).

\textbf{Stability}

During the stability studies no change in pH \& Viscosity is referred to in the formulations [Table~\ref{tw-cbe5a7710ed3}].
    
\section{CONCLUSION}
The effects are well-tried so the herbal hand washes therefore planned out are simpler than commercially synthetic hand washes. The pH of hand wash was ranged from 6.36 to 6.88. The handwash formulations were ranges from 56 cp to 62 cp. The formulation planned out along with lemon juice displayed the best antimicrobial utilization than the formulation while not lemon juice. The optimized formulation of stability studies no change in pH \& Viscosity referred to in the formulations. These compounds can be extracted and incorporated in bases to prepare superior antimicrobial handwash with less or no side effects. 
\section*{Acknowledgement}We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Harish Bondugula, Lead PV, Navitas Life Science, Mobius Towers, SJR I-Park, EPIP, Whitefield, Bengaluru-560066, and Karnataka, India who provided departmental facilities and helped us whenever required. 

\textbf{Conflict of Interest}

The authors attest that they have no conflict of interest in this study. 

\textbf{Funding Support}

No financial support for the current study.
    

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