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\def\citeauthor{~Balakrishnan~M,
              ~Perumallu~Sudarsanam,
              ~Neelima~T,
              ~Lavanya~E,
              ~Vidya~S,
              ~Ajith~Kumar~K,
              ~Akash~N,
              ~Gayathri~Y}
\def\citetitle{Clotrimazole Loaded Topical Gels: Formulation, Development and \textit{In-vitro} Evaluation}
\def\copyrightstmt{This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.}
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\def\RunningAuthor{Balakrishnan M et al.}
\firstPage{165}
\articleType{Original Article}
\receivedDate{10 Aug 2021}
\acceptedDate{23 Aug 2021}
\revisedDate{20 Aug 2021}
\journalVolume{1}
\journalIssue{4}
\journalDoi{fjphs.v1i4.174}
\copyrightYear{2021}
\eISSN{2583-116X}
\journalDoi{fjphs.v1i4.174}
\def\authorCount{8}
\def\affCount{3}

\def\journalTitle{Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences}

\title{Clotrimazole Loaded Topical Gels: Formulation, Development and \textit{In-vitro} Evaluation}
\author{Balakrishnan~M\textsuperscript{*}\textsuperscript{1}\textsuperscript{\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8400-4348}{\XeTeXLinkBox{\includegraphics[height=7pt]{orcid-logo-pharmascope.pdf}}}},  
            Perumallu~Sudarsanam\textsuperscript{2}\textsuperscript{\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-4115}{\XeTeXLinkBox{\includegraphics[height=7pt]{orcid-logo-pharmascope.pdf}}}},  
            Neelima~T\textsuperscript{3}\textsuperscript{\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7544-726X}{\XeTeXLinkBox{\includegraphics[height=7pt]{orcid-logo-pharmascope.pdf}}}},  
            Lavanya~E\textsuperscript{3}\textsuperscript{\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0870-3993}{\XeTeXLinkBox{\includegraphics[height=7pt]{orcid-logo-pharmascope.pdf}}}},  
            Vidya~S\textsuperscript{3}\textsuperscript{\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-4074}{\XeTeXLinkBox{\includegraphics[height=7pt]{orcid-logo-pharmascope.pdf}}}},  
            Ajith~Kumar~K\textsuperscript{3}\textsuperscript{\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5561-8065}{\XeTeXLinkBox{\includegraphics[height=7pt]{orcid-logo-pharmascope.pdf}}}},  
            Akash~N\textsuperscript{3}\textsuperscript{\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2402-3827}{\XeTeXLinkBox{\includegraphics[height=7pt]{orcid-logo-pharmascope.pdf}}}}, 
            Gayathri~Y\textsuperscript{3}\textsuperscript{\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9394-2782}{\XeTeXLinkBox{\includegraphics[height=7pt]{orcid-logo-pharmascope.pdf}}}}~\\[5pt]{\textsuperscript{1}Department of Pharmacognosy, Seshachala College of Pharmacy, Nagari road, Puttur-517 583, Chittoor (Dist), Andhra Pradesh, India}~\\{\textsuperscript{2}Department of Pharmaceutics, Seshachala College of Pharmacy, Nagari road, Puttur-517 583, Chittoor (Dist), Andhra Pradesh, India}~\\{\textsuperscript{3}Seshachala College of Pharmacy, Nagari road, Puttur-517 583, Chittoor (Dist), Andhra Pradesh, India}}

\begin{abstract}
The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate clotrimazole topical gel. Clotrimazole topical gel was prepared by dispersion method by utilizing various gelling agents like Carbopol 934p, HPMC K100, and Sodium alginate in three different ratios to achieve desired drug release. Prepared six gel formulations of clotrimazole were evaluated for pH, Viscosity, Drug content, Drug diffusion studies, and Drug release kinetic studies. The Drug-polymer compatibility reports have been done by FTIR absences of extraneous interactions among excipients. CTZGF4 releases 99.53\% of the drug at the end of 8 hours and was considered as the best formulation. Therefore, formulations containing Carbopol produced better results than other formulations. 
\end{abstract}\def\keywordstitle{Keywords}

\begin{keywords}Clotrimazole,\newline In-vitro Dissolution,\newline Topical Gels,\newline Permeation Enhancer
\end{keywords}
\twocolumn[ \maketitle {\printKwdAbsBox}]
\makeatletter{\raggedright{\Large$^\ast$}Corresponding Author\par Name:\ Balakrishnan~M~\\ Phone:\ 9490846668~\\  Email:\ mbalakrishnan66@yahoo.com
        \par}\vspace*{-13pt}\hrulefill\par\ifx\@eISSN\@empty\else{\fontsize{12}{14}\selectfont eISSN: \@eISSN\hfill pISSN: \@pISSN}\par\fi% 
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\section{Introduction}
Clotrimazole is a lipid-soluble imidazole derivative. It is widespread antimycotic agent \unskip~\cite{1188019:22976891}. It commonly prescribed shows poor bioavailability, referable low misty solubility as well as slow dissolution prospering water \unskip~\cite{1188019:22976892}. Gels are semisolid systems in which a liquid phase is constrained within a three-dimensional polymeric matrix in which a high degree of physical cross-linking \unskip~\cite{1188019:22976897}.
    
\section{MATERIALS \& METHODS}
Clotrimazole (Pearl pharma, Islamabad), HPMC, Carbopol 934, sodium alginate, triethanolamine (Sigma Aldrich, Germany), PEG 400, propylene alcohol, Ethanol, DMSO (Merck, Germany) other chemicals of analytical reagent grade were procured from S.D Fine Chemicals Ltd, Mumbai.

\textbf{Methodology}

\textbf{FT-IR Studies }

The clotrimazole topical gel and other excipients are smooth pellet method with a KBr smart up \unskip~\cite{1188019:22976979}.

\textbf{Formulation }

The polymers such as HPMC K100, Sodium alginate, Carbopol 934 were molten in a renowned measure of pure water. After complete dispersion the polymer way out celebrated a side for 24 hours for the reason that to complete the swelling. An appropriately weighed amount of clotrimazole was dissolved in a such that measure of DMSO, Polyethylene Glycol was liquefied in detail with high speed magnetic stitter (500rpm) attractive precautions \unskip~\cite{1188019:22977029}. Lastly ethanol and propylene glycol used to be also seek a homogenous dispersal of gel [Table~\ref{tw-af679ed9b6ac}].

\textbf{Evaluation of Topical Gel}

\textbf{Clarity }

The varied formulation depends on inspection beneath black and white background \unskip~\cite{1188019:22977071}  as well as it was graded hence; turbid +, clear ++, very clear (glassy) +++.

\textbf{pH}

It revolves around with a digital pH meter. The pH each formulation was worn out triplicate and ordinary values has been calculated \unskip~\cite{1188019:22977087}.

\textbf{Spreadability}

The 1gm containing gel enclosed by two glass plates subsequent to 1 min the mass of the upper plate put on the top of two slides for 5min to expel air and to provide an identical film of gel enclosed by the slides \unskip~\cite{1188019:22977114}.

\textbf{Viscosity}

The viscosity of the prepared gels was plumbed employing a brook field viscometer. The viscosity of the gel was noted \unskip~\cite{1188019:22977118}.

\textbf{Drug } \textbf{Content}

The 1 gm in reference to gel melted in 6.8 pH Phosphate buffer subsequent to suitable preparation absorbance used to be recorded employing a UV visible spectrometer at 240 nm \unskip~\cite{1188019:22977156}.

\textit{\textbf{In vitro}} \textbf{ diffusion study} \textbf{\space }

The Planned out gel transmit in a Franz diffusion cell. The phosphate buffer give up in a receptor compartment, after that 1 gm gel was spread uniformly on the membrane \unskip~\cite{1188019:22977587}. The donor compartment was approach with a receptor compartment and the room temperature was serviced at 37\ensuremath{\pm}0.5\ensuremath{^{o}}C.

\textbf{Kinetic Treatment}

The data acquired from the \textit{in vitro } diffusion tests obtain the kinetic track record analysis. 

Zero-order kinetics: \textit{Q \ensuremath{_{t}} = Q \ensuremath{_{o}} + K\ensuremath{_{o}} t}

First-order kinetics: \textit{ Q\ensuremath{_{t}} = log Q\ensuremath{_{o\ }} + K\ensuremath{_{1}}t}/2.303

Higuchi model: \textit{Q\ensuremath{_{t}} = K\ensuremath{_{H\ }} \ensuremath{\cdot}t\ensuremath{^{1/2}}}

Korsmeyer-Peppas release model: \textit{Mt / } \textit{M\ensuremath{_{\infty}}= K \ensuremath{\cdot} t \ensuremath{^{n}}}
    
\section{RESULTS \& DISCUSSION}
\textbf{Compatibility studies}

There has been no interaction within the functional groups as the principal peaks the drug-polymer mixture [Table~\ref{tw-1216b96d5d86}] \& [Figures~\ref{f-f65067876a6b} and~\ref{f-cf6472e9c218}].


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\caption{\boldmath {IR Spectra of Clotrimazole}}
\label{f-f65067876a6b}
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\caption{\boldmath {IR Spectra of Mixture}}
\label{f-cf6472e9c218}
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\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering \makeatletter\IfFileExists{images/6a977496-c23c-4626-b3bc-33580d6f14c1-upicture3.png}{\includegraphics[width=.66\linewidth]{images/6a977496-c23c-4626-b3bc-33580d6f14c1-upicture3.png}}{}
\makeatother 
\caption{\boldmath {\textit{In-vitro} drug release Profiles of Formulations CTZGF1-CTZGF6}}
\label{f-20485e4df1b7}
\end{figure}
\egroup

\begin{table*}[!htbp]
\caption{\boldmath {Formulation Data of Clotrimazole Topical Gels} }
\label{tw-af679ed9b6ac}
\def\arraystretch{1.1}
\ignorespaces 
\centering 
\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}{p{\dimexpr.1543\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1257\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.14\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.14\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.16490000000000002\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.166\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1091\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}
\tbltoprule \rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}\cAlignHack Formulation code & \cAlignHack Drug \mbox{}\protect\newline (mg) & \cAlignHack HPMC K4 (mg) & \cAlignHack Carbopol 934 \mbox{}\protect\newline (mg) & \cAlignHack Sodium Alginate \mbox{}\protect\newline (mg) & \cAlignHack Permeation enhancer (Ethanol: PG) & \cAlignHack PEG\\
\tblmidrule 
\cAlignHack CTZGF1 &
  \cAlignHack 200 &
  \cAlignHack 70 &
  \cAlignHack - &
  \cAlignHack - &
  \cAlignHack 10\% &
  \cAlignHack 5\%\\
\cAlignHack CTZGF2 &
  \cAlignHack 200 &
  \cAlignHack 100 &
  \cAlignHack - &
  \cAlignHack - &
  \cAlignHack 10\% &
  \cAlignHack 5\%\\
\cAlignHack CTZGF3 &
  \cAlignHack 200 &
  \cAlignHack - &
  \cAlignHack 70 &
  \cAlignHack - &
  \cAlignHack 10\% &
  \cAlignHack 5\%\\
\cAlignHack CTZGF4 &
  \cAlignHack 200 &
  \cAlignHack - &
  \cAlignHack 100 &
  \cAlignHack - &
  \cAlignHack 10\% &
  \cAlignHack 5\%\\
\cAlignHack CTZGF5 &
  \cAlignHack 200 &
  \cAlignHack - &
  \cAlignHack - &
  \cAlignHack 70 &
  \cAlignHack 10\% &
  \cAlignHack 5\%\\
\cAlignHack CTZGF6 &
  \cAlignHack 200 &
  \cAlignHack - &
  \cAlignHack - &
  \cAlignHack 100 &
  \cAlignHack 10\% &
  \cAlignHack 5\%\\
\tblbottomrule 
\end{tabulary}\par 
\end{table*}

\begin{table*}[!htbp]
\caption{\boldmath {Interpretation Data of IR Spectra of Mixture} }
\label{tw-1216b96d5d86}
\def\arraystretch{1.1}
\ignorespaces 
\centering 
\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}{p{\dimexpr.16669999999999998\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.20180000000000003\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.2281999999999999\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.19670000000000005\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.20659999999999993\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}
\tbltoprule \rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}{\multirow{2}{*}{\cAlignHack FTIR Spectrum}} & \multicolumn{2}{p{\dimexpr(.4299999999999999\linewidth-2\tabcolsep)}}{\cAlignHack IR absorption bands (cm-1)} & \cAlignHack Bond & {\multirow{2}{*}{\cAlignHack Functional group}}\\
\rowcolor{kwdboxcolor} & \cAlignHack Observed peak & \cAlignHack Characteristic peak & \cAlignHack \\
\tblmidrule 
\cAlignHack  &
  \cAlignHack 3711.45 &
  \cAlignHack 3700-3500 &
  \cAlignHack O-H (stretch) &
  \cAlignHack Alkenes, Aromatic ring\\
\multicolumn{1}{p{\dimexpr(.16669999999999998\linewidth-2\tabcolsep)}}{\multirow{2}{\linewidth}{\cAlignHack Clotrimazole}} &
  \cAlignHack 1700.79 &
  \cAlignHack 1810-1775 &
  \cAlignHack C=O stretch &
  \cAlignHack Alkynes\\
 &
  \cAlignHack 1196.52 &
  \cAlignHack 1300-1100 &
  \cAlignHack C-C stretch &
  \cAlignHack Aldehyde, Ketones\\
 &
  \cAlignHack 1700.79 &
  \cAlignHack 1810-1775 &
  \cAlignHack C=O stretch &
  \cAlignHack Alkynes\\
\cAlignHack  &
  \cAlignHack 3687.92 &
  \cAlignHack 3700-3500 &
  \cAlignHack O-H (stretch, free) &
  \cAlignHack Alkenes, Aromatic ring\\
\cAlignHack Mixture &
  \cAlignHack 1697.68 &
  \cAlignHack 1640-1610 &
  \cAlignHack C=C stretch (conjugated) &
  \cAlignHack Alkenes, aromatic ring\\
\cAlignHack  &
  \cAlignHack 1223.45 &
  \cAlignHack {\texttildeapprox}1250 &
  \cAlignHack C-O-C stretch &
  \cAlignHack Aldehyde, Ketones\\
\tblbottomrule 
\end{tabulary}\par 
\end{table*}

\begin{table*}[!htbp]
\caption{\boldmath {Evaluation Parameters of Developed Gel} }
\label{tw-25cc43f08a6a}
\centering 
\begin{threeparttable}

\def\arraystretch{1.1}
\ignorespaces 
\centering 
\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}{p{\dimexpr.14\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.14\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.14\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.14\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1542\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1258\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.16\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}
\tbltoprule \rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}\cAlignHack Formulation Code & \cAlignHack Clarity & \cAlignHack pH & \cAlignHack Homogeneity & \cAlignHack Spread \mbox{}\protect\newline Ability (g.cm/sec) & \cAlignHack Viscosity \mbox{}\protect\newline (cps) & \cAlignHack Drug Content (\%)\\
\tblmidrule 
\cAlignHack CTZGF1 &
  \cAlignHack ++ &
  \cAlignHack 6.1 &
  \cAlignHack Good &
  \cAlignHack 32.32 &
  \cAlignHack 9376 &
  \cAlignHack 88.92\\
\cAlignHack CTZGF2 &
  \cAlignHack ++ &
  \cAlignHack 6.3 &
  \cAlignHack Good &
  \cAlignHack 22.54 &
  \cAlignHack 9545 &
  \cAlignHack 78.53\\
\cAlignHack CTZGF3 &
  \cAlignHack +++ &
  \cAlignHack 6.4 &
  \cAlignHack Good &
  \cAlignHack 33.65 &
  \cAlignHack 9376 &
  \cAlignHack 94.30\\
\cAlignHack CTZGF4 &
  \cAlignHack +++ &
  \cAlignHack 6.5 &
  \cAlignHack Good &
  \cAlignHack 36.24 &
  \cAlignHack 9442 &
  \cAlignHack 98.56\\
\cAlignHack CTZGF5 &
  \cAlignHack +++ &
  \cAlignHack 6.2 &
  \cAlignHack Good &
  \cAlignHack 32.32 &
  \cAlignHack 8375 &
  \cAlignHack 91.82\\
\cAlignHack CTZGF6 &
  \cAlignHack ++ &
  \cAlignHack 6.1 &
  \cAlignHack Good &
  \cAlignHack 23.43 &
  \cAlignHack 9267 &
  \cAlignHack 92.02\\
\tblbottomrule 
\end{tabulary}\par 
\begin{tablenotes}\footnotesize 
    
\item{Turbid: +, Clear: ++, Very clear (glassy): +++}
\end{tablenotes}
\end{threeparttable}

\end{table*}

\begin{table*}[!htbp]
\caption{\boldmath {\textit{In-vitro} drug release of Formulated gels} }
\label{tw-fc539c3ca592}
\def\arraystretch{1.1}
\ignorespaces 
\centering 
\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}{p{\dimexpr.12219999999999999\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.12940000000000001\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.15059999999999997\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.15780000000000001\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.14\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.14\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.16\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}
\tbltoprule \rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}{\multirow{2}{*}{\cAlignHack Time \mbox{}\protect\newline (Hrs) \mbox{}\protect\newline }} & \multicolumn{6}{p{\dimexpr(.8778\linewidth-2\tabcolsep)}}{\cAlignHack \% Drug Release}\\
\rowcolor{kwdboxcolor} & \cAlignHack CTZGF1 & \cAlignHack CTZGF2 & \cAlignHack CTZGF3 & \cAlignHack CTZGF4 & \cAlignHack CTZGF5 & \cAlignHack CTZGF6\\
\tblmidrule 
\cAlignHack 1 &
  \cAlignHack 16.86 &
  \cAlignHack 12.28 &
  \cAlignHack 17.89 &
  \cAlignHack 11.06 &
  \cAlignHack 17.98 &
  \cAlignHack 16.64\\
\cAlignHack 2 &
  \cAlignHack 25.98 &
  \cAlignHack 32.98 &
  \cAlignHack 24.25 &
  \cAlignHack 25.76 &
  \cAlignHack 24.23 &
  \cAlignHack 25.23\\
\cAlignHack 3 &
  \cAlignHack 33.16 &
  \cAlignHack 41.36 &
  \cAlignHack 33.67 &
  \cAlignHack 34.56 &
  \cAlignHack 35.90 &
  \cAlignHack 36.76\\
\cAlignHack 4 &
  \cAlignHack 52.18 &
  \cAlignHack 52.46 &
  \cAlignHack 42.86 &
  \cAlignHack 46.24 &
  \cAlignHack 45.60 &
  \cAlignHack 55.34\\
\cAlignHack 5 &
  \cAlignHack 62.86 &
  \cAlignHack 52.93 &
  \cAlignHack 51.66 &
  \cAlignHack 56.22 &
  \cAlignHack 64.38 &
  \cAlignHack 63.55\\
\cAlignHack 6 &
  \cAlignHack 72.56 &
  \cAlignHack 61.50 &
  \cAlignHack 70.88 &
  \cAlignHack 68.90 &
  \cAlignHack 73.14 &
  \cAlignHack 73.23\\
\cAlignHack 7 &
  \cAlignHack 80.46 &
  \cAlignHack 70.34 &
  \cAlignHack 81.45 &
  \cAlignHack 89.34 &
  \cAlignHack 81.98 &
  \cAlignHack 81.34\\
\cAlignHack 8 &
  \cAlignHack 92.86 &
  \cAlignHack 80.14 &
  \cAlignHack 93.06 &
  \cAlignHack 99.53 &
  \cAlignHack 95.60 &
  \cAlignHack 96.65\\
\tblbottomrule 
\end{tabulary}\par 
\end{table*}

\begin{table*}[!htbp]
\caption{\boldmath {Correlation coefficient data and diffusion exponent data of CTZGF1-CTZGF6 formulations} }
\label{tw-fa7572ad4705}
\def\arraystretch{1.1}
\ignorespaces 
\centering 
\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}{p{\dimexpr.19869999999999997\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1697\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.14340000000000002\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1559\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.16\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1723\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}
\tbltoprule \rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}{\multirow{2}{*}{\cAlignHack Formulation code}} & \multicolumn{4}{p{\dimexpr(.62900000000000006\linewidth-2\tabcolsep)}}{\cAlignHack Correlation Coefficient Values (r\ensuremath{^{2}})} & \cAlignHack Diffusion Exponent \\
\rowcolor{kwdboxcolor} & \cAlignHack Zero-order & \cAlignHack First order & \cAlignHack Higuchi & \cAlignHack Korsmeyer-Peppas & \cAlignHack Value (n)\\
\tblmidrule 
\cAlignHack CTZGF1 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9708 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9240 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9747 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9781 &
  \cAlignHack 0.5902\\
\cAlignHack CTZGF2 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9700 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9135 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9781 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9881 &
  \cAlignHack 0.6021\\
\cAlignHack CTZGF3 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9795 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9076 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9805 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9910 &
  \cAlignHack 0.6439\\
\cAlignHack CTZGF4 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9883 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9422 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9858 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9968 &
  \cAlignHack 0.7380\\
\cAlignHack CTZGF5 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9689 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9326 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9802 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9763 &
  \cAlignHack 0.5911\\
\cAlignHack CTZGF6 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9711 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9154 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9833 &
  \cAlignHack 0.9885 &
  \cAlignHack 0.6052\\
\tblbottomrule 
\end{tabulary}\par 
\end{table*}
\textbf{Evaluation of Clotrimazole Topical Gels}

\textbf{Clarity}

All gels have been strain ubiquity of particles \& translucent and white viscous [Table~\ref{tw-25cc43f08a6a}].

\textbf{pH}

The CTZGF1-CTZGF6 cooperate the variability of 6.2 to 6.9 [Table~\ref{tw-25cc43f08a6a}].

\textbf{Homogeneity}

The CTZGF1-CTZGF6 exhibited to good homogeneity using the omission of lumps [Table~\ref{tw-25cc43f08a6a}].

\textbf{Spreadability}

The spreadability of gels follows the ranges 19.51 g.cm/sec - 33.91 g.cm/sec [Table~\ref{tw-25cc43f08a6a}].

\textbf{Viscosity}

The various formulated gels repose a variety of 86.28 centipoises to 96.22 centipoises [Table~\ref{tw-25cc43f08a6a}].

\textbf{Drug Content}

The prepared gel formulations encounter impending within the range of 78.53 \% to 98.56 \% [Table~\ref{tw-25cc43f08a6a}].

\textit{\textbf{In vitro}} \textbf{ drug diffusion studies}

These release studies unconcealed so the order of waiver as proven in Table~\ref{tw-fc539c3ca592}  and Figure~\ref{f-20485e4df1b7}. The Correlation coefficient data and diffusion exponent data of formulation [Table~\ref{tw-fa7572ad4705}].
    
\section{Conclusion }
It can be concluded from the present investigation that proper selection of polymers and drugs is a prerequisite for designing and developing a topical gel. The varying concentrations of the three polymers were found to influence drug release, Spreadability, and viscosity. Topical Gel formulations prepared with Carbopol 934p, HPMC K 100, and Sodium alginate have shown good homogeneity and stability. However the Carbopol 934p (CTZGF4) based gel well tried impending flair of choice since it showed the top percent of drug release and good rheological properties. \textit{In vitro} release study has shown that increased concentration of polymers has improved drug release.
    
\section{Acknowledgement}
I would like to thank Chairman (Sri K.L.N. Moorthy Garu) of Seshachala College of Pharmacy, Puttur), Andhra Pradesh, India.

\textbf{Conflict of Interest}

The authors attest that they have no conflict of interest in this study.

\textbf{Funding Support}

No financial support for the current study.
    

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